IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) |
D1+2 |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Near Threatened |
| 2008 |
Near Threatened |
| 2004 |
Near Threatened |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
full migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
shelf island
|
Average mass |
54.5 g
|
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
5,400 |
medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) |
72,400 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
2-5 |
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
1600-1700 |
medium |
Estimated |
2003 |
| Population trend |
Increasing |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
3.9 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The population is estimated to number 2,500 individuals, roughly equivalent to 1,600-1,700 mature individuals. |
|
Trend justification: The species is currently thought to be increasing. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Canada |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Mexico |
Unknown |
No |
|
|
|
| USA |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Grassland |
Tundra |
major |
breeding |
| Grassland |
Tundra |
major |
non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands |
major |
non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands |
major |
breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Rocky Shoreline |
major |
breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Rocky Shoreline |
major |
non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc |
major |
non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc |
major |
breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches |
major |
breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches |
major |
non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Tidepools |
major |
breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Tidepools |
major |
non-breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Problematic native species/diseases / Stoat (Mustela erminea) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Common Brushtail (Trichosurus vulpecula) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Ferret (Mustela furo) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Unspecified rats (Rattus spp.) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Plectrophenax hyperboreus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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