Species

Justification
This species is known from the Hawaiian Islands, USA, but it has not been recorded since 1898 and is now Extinct. Habitat destruction was probably the major cause of its extinction.

Taxonomic source(s)
AOU. 1998. Check-list of North American birds. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Brooks, T. 2000. Extinct species. In: BirdLife International (ed.), Threatened birds of the world, pp. 701-708. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge, U.K.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

Distribution and population
Drepanis pacifica was endemic to the big island of Hawai`i, USA, and was last recorded in 1898 above Hilo (Greenway 1967) and in 1899 near Kaunana (Pratt et al. 1987).

Ecology
It inhabited forest, especially `ohi`a forest (Stattersfield et al. 1998), where it was observed feeding on insects, although it probably fed mainly on nectar.

Threats
It was heavily trapped by Hawaiians for its feathers (Rose et al. 1993), but it is more likely that habitat destruction and disease were the ultimate causes of the species's extinction (Greenway 1967).

Related state of the world's birds case studies

• Feathers have always been used by humans as decoration and status symbols

References
Greenway, J. C. 1967. Extinct and vanishing birds of the world. Dover Publications, New York.

Pratt, H. D.; Bruner, P. L.; Berrett, D. G. 1987. A field guide to the birds of Hawaii and the tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Rose, R.; Conant, S.; Kjellgren, E. 1993. Hawaiian standing kahili in the Bishop Museum: an ethnological analysis. Journal of the Polynesian Society 102: 273-304.

Stattersfield, A. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Long, A. J.; Wege, D. C. 1998. Endemic bird areas of the world: priorities for bird conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.

Text account compilers
Brooks, T., Khwaja, N., Mahood, S.

IUCN Red List evaluators
Butchart, S., Symes, A.

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Drepanis pacifica. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

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