IUCN Red List Criteria
| Critically Endangered |
|
| Endangered |
|
| Vulnerable |
B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(ii) |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Vulnerable |
| 2011 |
Vulnerable |
| 2008 |
Near Threatened |
| 2004 |
Near Threatened |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
continent
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
11,600 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
11-100 |
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
2500-9999 |
medium |
Estimated |
2011 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
poor |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
2-100 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
1001-10000 |
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
3.7 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: Recent surveys suggest that the species occurs at a density of c.0.1 birds/ha in suitable, protected habitat, and that the total area of montane grassland in its range may be only 400 km2 , not all of which will be suitable for the species (U. J. Vinod in litt. 2010). Assuming that the majority of birds recorded in the surveys were breeding adults, these data imply that an optimistic population estimate would be c.4,000 mature individuals. However, given the uncertainty around these numbers, the population is placed in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. This equates to 3,750-14,999 individuals in total, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals. |
|
Trend justification: This species is suspected to be in decline owing to on-going habitat loss, degradation and disturbance. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| India |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| India |
Avalanche (Nilgiri) |
 |
| India |
Berijam (Kodaikanal) |
|
| India |
Bison Swamp (Nilgiri) |
|
| India |
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Eravikulam National Park |
|
| India |
Grass Hills |
|
| India |
Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park |
|
| India |
INS - Shivaji and adjoining areas, Lonavla |
|
| India |
Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve |
|
| India |
Kulahupuzha Reserved Forest |
|
| India |
Mukurthi National Park (Nilgiris) |
|
| India |
Muthukuzhi |
|
| India |
Nelliyampathy (Nemmara Division) |
|
| India |
Nilgiri-Naduvattam (Naduvattam IBA) |
|
| India |
Peechi - Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Poomparai and Kukkal |
|
| India |
Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Shola around Kodaikanal |
|
| India |
Silent Valley National Park |
|
| India |
Srivilliputhur Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Thaishola |
|
| India |
Vazhachal Forest Division |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Plantations |
suitable |
resident |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude |
major |
resident |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) |
|
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
1000 - 2300 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Small-holder farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Livestock farming & ranching / Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Wood & pulp plantations / Small-holder plantations |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Recreational activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Natural system modifications |
Fire & fire suppression / Increase in fire frequency/intensity |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 4 |
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Anthus nilghiriensis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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