Species

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Justification
This species has a very small range and there are records from only two locations. Coca-growers have taken over forest within its altitudinal range, probably resulting in some reductions in this species's range and population. It is consequently classified as Endangered.

Taxonomic source(s)
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Stotz, D. F.; Fitzpatrick, J. W.; Parker, T. A.; Moskovits, D. K. 1996. Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Identification
37-41 cm. All-green toucanet with distinctive short yellow line behind eye and blue breast-band. Blue-grey bill with narrow white line at base and white throat. Central tail feathers tipped chestnut and yellow undertail-coverts. Similar spp. Other principally all-green toucanets have different bill patterns and lack yellow eyebrow. Voice A monotonously repeated short, dry rattling cuah cuah cuah. Approx. 2/sec.

Distribution and population
Aulacorhynchus huallagae is known from only two localities in north-central Peru. It is uncommon at the type-locality in La Libertad, and apparently very rare in Río Abiseo National Park, San Martín. It has also been reported recently from Leymebambe (T. Mark in litt. 2003). It is predicted to occur to the north and south, but little of the area between the Cordillera de Colán, Amazonas, and the Carpish region, Huánuco, is accessible (Schulenberg and Parker 1997). However, it does not appear to occupy all potentially available forest, since there are no records from the relatively well-surveyed Carpish Mountains (Schulenberg and Parker 1997).

Population justification
It has a very small range, and appears to be rather scarce. The population is estimated to number 1,000-2,499 individuals, equating to 667-1,333 mature individuals, rounded to 600-1,500 mature individuals here. This requires confirmation.

Trend justification
A slow and ongoing population decline is suspected owing to rates of habitat loss.

Ecology
It inhabits the canopy of humid, epiphyte-laden montane forest, particularly areas with Clusia trees (Fjeldså and Krabbe 1990), at elevations of 2,000-2,600 m (Schulenberg et al. 2007). This narrow altitudinal range has been explained by the occurrence of the larger Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan Andigena hypoglauca above 2,300 m, and perhaps the smaller Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus below 2,100 m. However, its restricted geographic range remains unexplained, and more recent information indicates that both the putative competitors have wider altitudinal ranges that (at least in some areas) completely encompass the known elevational range of A. huallagae (Clements and Shany 2001; J. Hornbuckle in litt. 1999).

Threats
The Huallaga valley, especially the upper reaches, was being taken over by coca-growers in the early 1990s, and it seems likely that forest at all elevations has suffered (M. A. Plenge in litt. 1993). Deforestation has been widespread in the region, but mainly below this species's altitudinal range. In fact, the human population within its range was higher in the post than at present (T. Mark in litt. 2010).

Conservation actions underway
It occurs within the extensive Río Abiseo National Park, but the population in this reserve may be small.

Conservation actions proposed
Survey to improve knowledge of its status, distribution and ecology. Assess the population within Río Abiseo National Park. Assess the likely impact of current threats. Designate further protected areas encompassing montane forests within its potential range.

References
Collar, N. J.; Gonzaga, L. P.; Krabbe, N.; Madroño Nieto, A.; Naranjo, L. G.; Parker, T. A.; Wege, D. C. 1992. Threatened birds of the Americas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, U.K.

Fjeldså, J.; Krabbe, N. 1990. Birds of the high Andes. Apollo Books, Copenhagen.

Schulenberg, T. S.; Parker, T. A. 1997. Notes on the Yellow-browed Toucanet Aulacorhynchus huallagae. Ornithological Monographs 48: 717-720.

Clements, J. F.; Shany, N. 2001. A field guide to the birds of Peru. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Further web sources of information
Detailed species account from the Threatened birds of the Americas: the BirdLife International Red Data Book (BirdLife International 1992). Please note, taxonomic treatment and IUCN Red List category may have changed since publication.

Hear sounds for this species from xeno-canto, the community database of shared bird sounds from around the world.

Recuento detallado de la especie tomado del libro Aves Amenazadas de las Americas, Libro Rojo de BirdLife International (BirdLife International 1992). Nota: la taxonomoa y la categora de la Lista Roja de la UICN pudo haber cambiado desde esta publicacin.

View photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Internet Bird Collection

Text account compilers
Benstead, P., Capper, D., Harding, M., Sharpe, C J, Symes, A.

Contributors
Hornbuckle, J., Mark, T., Plenge, M.

IUCN Red List evaluators
Butchart, S., Symes, A.

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Aulacorhynchus huallagae. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/05/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/05/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife

To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.