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closeIUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Least Concern |
| 2009 | Least Concern |
| 2008 | Least Concern |
| 2004 | Least Concern |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | 61.6 g |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 5,630,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 6,490,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | Estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | - | ||
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 3.8 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 10000000-24000000 breeding pairs, equating to 30000000-72000000 individuals (BirdLife International 2004). Europe forms 25-49% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 61200000-288000000 individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. | ||||
| Trend justification: The population is estimated to be in decline following a number of recorded regional declines in recent decades (del Hoyo et al. 2004), although in Europe, trends since 1996 have been stable, based on provisional data for 21 countries from the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (EBCC/RSPB/BirdLife/Statistics Netherlands; P. Vorisek in litt. 2008). | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Albania | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Algeria | Native | No | |||
| Armenia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Austria | Vagrant | No | |||
| Azerbaijan | Native | No | |||
| Bahrain | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Belgium | Vagrant | No | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bulgaria | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Croatia | Native | No | |||
| Cyprus | Native | No | |||
| Czech Republic | Vagrant | No | |||
| Denmark | Vagrant | No | |||
| Egypt | Native | No | |||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Finland | Vagrant | No | |||
| France | Native | No | |||
| Georgia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Germany | Vagrant | No | |||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Greece | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Hungary | Vagrant | No | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Native | No | |||
| Iraq | Native | No | |||
| Israel | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Italy | Native | No | |||
| Jordan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Kazakhstan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Kuwait | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Lebanon | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Libya | Native | No | |||
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | Native | No | |||
| Moldova | Native | No | |||
| Montenegro | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Morocco | Native | No | |||
| Netherlands | Vagrant | No | |||
| Norway | Vagrant | No | |||
| Palestinian Authority Territories | Native | No | |||
| Poland | Vagrant | No | |||
| Portugal | Native | No | |||
| Romania | Native | No | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Russia (European) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Serbia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Slovenia | Native | No | |||
| Spain | Native | No | |||
| Sweden | Vagrant | No | |||
| Switzerland | Vagrant | No | |||
| Syria | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Tajikistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Tunisia | Native | No | |||
| Turkey | Native | No | |||
| Turkmenistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Ukraine | Native | No | Yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| United Kingdom | Vagrant | No | |||
| Uzbekistan | Native | No | Yes |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria | Besaparski Hills |  |
| Bulgaria | Harmanliyska Reka | |
| Bulgaria | Kaliakra | |
| Bulgaria | Melnik Pyramids | |
| Bulgaria | Mesta Valley | |
| Bulgaria | Radinchevo | |
| Bulgaria | Sakar | |
| Bulgaria | Slavyanka Mountain | |
| Bulgaria | Western Strandzha | |
| France | Crau | |
| France | Moyenne Vallée de la Durance | |
| France | Plateau de Valensole | |
| Portugal | Évora plains | |
| Portugal | Castro Marim | |
| Portugal | Castro Verde plains | |
| Portugal | Cuba | |
| Portugal | Serra de Penha Garcia e Campina de Toulões | |
| Portugal | Tejo estuary | |
| Portugal | Upper River Tejo | |
| Portugal | Vila Fernando | |
| Romania | Aliman - Adamclisi | |
| Romania | Dealurile Dorobanţu | |
| Romania | Denis Tepe | |
| Romania | Dobrogei gorge | |
| Romania | Dunăre - Canarale - Hârşova | |
| Romania | Dunărea Veche (Braţul Măcin) | |
| Romania | Hagieni forest | |
| Romania | Limanu - Herghelia | |
| Romania | Stepa Casimcea | |
| Romania | Stepa Saraiu - Horea | |
| Spain | Cogul-Alfés steppes | |
| Spain | Hoya de Baza | |
| Spain | Hoya de Guadix | |
| Spain | Jaén countryside | |
| Spain | La Serena | |
| Spain | Lerida steppes | |
| Spain | Tierra de Campos steppes | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | major | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | major | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 2000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Sport | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Melanocorypha calandra. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Least Concern |
| Family | Alaudidae (Larks) |
| Species name author | (Linnaeus, 1766) |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Decreasing |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 5,630,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
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