IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) |
D2 |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Near Threatened |
| 2008 |
Near Threatened |
| 2004 |
Near Threatened |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1996 |
Lower Risk/Conservation Dependent |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Conservation Dependent |
| 1988 |
Threatened |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Medium |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
100 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
good |
Estimated |
2003 |
| Population trend |
Increasing |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
2-100 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
11.5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: Hooson and Jamieson (2003). |
|
Trend justification: This population is estimated to be increasing owing to documented translocations (Higgins et al. 2006). |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| New Zealand |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Forest |
Temperate |
major |
resident |
| Shrubland |
Temperate |
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 600 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Problematic native species/diseases / Stoat (Mustela erminea) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Unlikely to Return |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Problematic native species/diseases / Stoat (Mustela erminea) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Avian Malaria (Plasmodium relictum) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Avian Pox Virus (Poxvirus avium) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Black Rat (Rattus rattus) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Likely to Return |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Likely to Return |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Domestic Cat (Felis catus) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Unlikely to Return |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Likely to Return |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Philesturnus carunculatus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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