IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Least Concern |
| 2009 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Least Concern |
| 2004 |
Least Concern |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
83,500 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
poor |
Estimated |
2009 |
| Population trend |
Stable |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
7.1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Trend justification: Over the last 40 years of the 20th century, the population of this species was stable (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). However, with the documented arrival of West Nile virus in California in summer 2003 (Reisen et al. 2004) the species suffered high levels of mortality and a severe population decline owing to a high susceptibility to the virus (Airola et al. 2007, Crosbie et al. 2008). Data suggests a decline of 42-49% from 2004 to 2006 (Crosbie et al. 2008) and alternative Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data from the Lower Sacramento Valley suggests that numbers have declined by c. 48% between 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, with surveyed numbers in 2005/2006 having declined by c. 38% compared to the previous 10-year average after accounting for the effects of bad weather (Airola et al. 2007). The population decline appeared to peak in 2007-2008, and since then the population appears to have recovered somewhat (W. Koenig in litt. 2012). Despite this recent decline, the long-term population trend appears positive, with analysis of CBC data by Airola et al. (2007) showing that the species had been increasing on average between 1980/1981 and 2001/2002. Further information is needed to determine the magnitude of the suspected decline. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| USA |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Pastureland |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Rural Gardens |
suitable |
resident |
| Forest |
Temperate |
suitable |
non-breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Residential & commercial development |
Housing & urban areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Viral/prion-induced diseases / Unspecified species |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Very Rapid Declines |
High Impact: 8 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Herbicides and pesticides |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Pica nuttalli. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 26/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
email a friend
printable version
close