Justification
This species has a small known range and population at a few scattered location, where habitat loss is continuing (Collar et al. 1992). However, recent survey work has located the species in several areas between old locations and, if this trend continues, it may no longer qualify as Vulnerable.
Taxonomic source(s)
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Stotz, D. F.; Fitzpatrick, J. W.; Parker, T. A.; Moskovits, D. K. 1996. Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Identification
10 cm. Small, plump antpitta with bright orange bill. Bright orange-rufous head and throat. Olive-brown above. Grey below with narrow white crescent across chest. White belly and lower breast. Voice Unknown.
Distribution and populationGrallaricula cucullata is known from a few scattered localities in
Colombia and west
Venezuela. The nominate subspecies occurs in Colombia on both slopes of the West Andes, at two sites in Valle del Cauca
(L. Silva
per N. Gómez
in litt. 1999
, C. Downing and J. Hickman
in litt. 2003), and one in Cauca, although this latter sighting requires confirmation (
Wege and Long 1995, P. G. W. Salaman
in litt. 1995,1999)
. On the west slope of the Central Andes, it formerly occurred near Medellín, Antioquia, and has recently been found in Valle del Cauca (V. Rojas
per N. Goméz
in litt. 1999)
and Risaralda
(W. Beltrán
per C. Downing
in litt. 2000)
. At the head of the Magdalena valley, all recent records are from Cueva de los Guácharos National Park, Huila. Known sites for the subspecies
venezuelana are are on the east slope of the East Andes in east Cundinamarca, Colombia (F. G. Stiles
in litt. 1999)
, and in Apure and Táchira, Venezuela.
Population justificationThe population is estimated to number 2,500-9,999 individuals based on an assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size. This is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated Extent of Occurrence is likely to be occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.
Trend justificationThis species's population is suspected to be declining rapidly, in line with rates of habitat loss within its range.
EcologyIt inhabits the more open parts of otherwise dense cloud-forest, chiefly around 1,800-2,135 m, but perhaps down to 1,500 m and up to 2,700 m. One specimen was coming into breeding condition in May, and others taken in Huila in July and Antioquia in September contained eggs.
ThreatsIt is threatened by human settlement, logging and conversion of its habitat to agricultural land use. In many areas, including Medellín and the upper Magdalena valley, most forest has been cleared. Human development of land continues, generally following the construction of new roads, and even affects national parks, including Tatamá and El Tamá. Opium poppy cultivation results in deforestation of remote areas, chosen to avoid detection (P. G. W. Salaman
in litt. 1995,1999)
. Cueva de los Guácharos is threatened by poppy cultivation and encroaching human settlement (Wege and Long 1995, P. G. W. Salaman
in litt. 1995,1999
). Agricultural activities such as coffee cultivation, and livestock raising affect 17% of Venezuela's El Tamá National Park (Sharpe 2008).
Conservation actions underwayIn Colombia, it is numerous in Cueva de los Guácharos (Ridgely and Tudor 1994)
, and occurs in Ucumarí Regional Park
(W. Beltrán
per C. Downing
in litt. 2000)
, Tatamá National Park
(L. Silva
per N. Gómez
in litt. 1999)
, Picachos National Park and Otún-Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary (Renjifo
et al. 2002)
. It may also occur in Farallones de Cali National Park. In Venezuela, it occurs in El Tamá National Park (Hilty 2003, Sharpe 2008).
Conservation actions proposedElucidate the species's range by surveying poorly-known areas of habitat, e.g. in Farallones de Cali
(Wege and Long 1995). Quantify the population and research its ecology, especially the poorly-known subspecies
venezuelana (Rodríguez and Rojas-Suárez 1995, C. J. Sharpe, J. P. Rodríguez and F. Rojas-Suárez
in litt. 1999, Sharpe 2008). Strengthen the effectiveness of national parks, notably Cueva de los Guácharos (P. G. W. Salaman
in litt. 1995,1999)
.
References
Renjifo, L. M.; Franco-Maya, A. M.; Amaya-Espinel, J. D.; Kattan, G. H.; López-Lanús, B. 2002. Libro rojo de aves de Colombia. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt y Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Bogotá, Colombia.
Wege, D. C.; Long, A. J. 1995. Key Areas for threatened birds in the Neotropics. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
Collar, N. J.; Gonzaga, L. P.; Krabbe, N.; Madroño Nieto, A.; Naranjo, L. G.; Parker, T. A.; Wege, D. C. 1992. Threatened birds of the Americas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, U.K.
Ridgely, R. S.; Tudor, G. 1994. The birds of South America. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas.
Rodríguez, J. P.; Rojas-Suárez, F. 1995. Libro Rojo de la fauna Venezolana. Provita, Caracas.
Further web sources of information
Detailed species account from the Threatened birds of the Americas: the BirdLife International Red Data Book (BirdLife International 1992). Please note, taxonomic treatment and IUCN Red List category may have changed since publication.
Recuento detallado de la especie tomado del libro Aves Amenazadas de las Americas, Libro Rojo de BirdLife International (BirdLife International 1992). Nota: la taxonomoa y la categora de la Lista Roja de la UICN pudo haber cambiado desde esta publicacin.
View photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Internet Bird Collection
Text account compilers
Benstead, P., Isherwood, I., Sharpe, C J, Stuart, T., Symes, A.
Contributors
Beltrán, W., Downing, C., Gomez, N., Hickman, J., Rodríguez, J., Rojas-Suárez, F., Rojas, V., Salaman, P., Sharpe, C J, Silva, L., Stiles, F.
IUCN Red List evaluators
Butchart, S., Symes, A.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Grallaricula cucullata. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
Additional resources for this species
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