Baer's Pochard (Aythya baeri) - BirdLife species factsheet

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Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri

IUCN Red List Criteria

Critically Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd
Endangered	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i);D
Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C1+2a(i);D1

IUCN Red List history

Year	Category
2012	Critically Endangered
2008	Endangered
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Species attributes

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Does not normally occur in forest
Land mass type	continent	Average mass	-

Distribution

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km²)	1,640,000	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km²)	2,710,000	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Fragmentation		-

Population & trend

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	150-700	medium	Inferred	2012
Population trend	Decreasing	medium		-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Largest subpopulation	100-620	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	7.6	-	-	-
Population justification: W. Xin, C. Lei, L. Jinyu and T. Fox in litt. (2012) stated that 'we fear that the global population is now less than 1,000 individuals and could be very much lower than this', and so it is placed in the band 250-999 individuals, equating to 167-666 mature individuals, rounded here to 150-700 mature individuals.
Trend justification: An extremely rapid population decline over the last three generations is estimated from numbers recorded on wintering and breeding grounds, as well migration routes on the Hebei Coast, China (J. Hornskov in litt. 2005), and is thought to be caused by on-going hunting and habitat degradation; hence, the decline is expected to continue at this rate.

Country/Territory distribution

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Extinct	Breeding	Non-breeding
Bangladesh	Native	No		Yes
Bhutan	Native	No		Yes
China (mainland)	Native	No
Hong Kong (China)	Native	No		Yes
India	Native	No		Yes
Japan	Vagrant	No		Yes
Laos	Unknown	No		Yes
Mongolia	Native	No	Yes
Myanmar	Native	No		Yes
Nepal	Native	No		Yes
North Korea	Native	No		Yes
Pakistan	Vagrant	No
Philippines	Vagrant	No
Russia (Asian)	Native	No	Yes
South Korea	Vagrant	No		Yes
Taiwan (China)	Native	No		Yes
Thailand	Native	No		Yes
Vietnam	Native	No		Yes

Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria

Country/Territory	IBA Name	IBA link
Bangladesh	Aila Beel
Bangladesh	Hail Haor
Bangladesh	Hakaluki Haor
Bangladesh	Tanguar Haor and Panabeel
China (mainland)	Altay forest and steppe
China (mainland)	Bacha Dao Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Baihe-Wanbao
China (mainland)	Burgen River Valley
China (mainland)	Cao Hai Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Chagan Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Changshou Hu
China (mainland)	Chen Hu Wetland Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Chi Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Dashanzuizi
China (mainland)	Dongting Hu wetlands
China (mainland)	Dunhuang Nature Reserve and Western Qilian Shan mountains
China (mainland)	Fang Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Fenglin Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Gaoyou Hu
China (mainland)	Hala Hai
China (mainland)	Hangzhou Wan
China (mainland)	Hasuhai Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Heiyupao Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Honghe Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Hukou Wetland Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Huma He Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Huzhong Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Ili River basin
China (mainland)	Jingpo Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Kaifeng Liuyuankou Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Karze Reservoir
China (mainland)	Keluo He Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Laodengshan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Laotieshan
China (mainland)	Lianhuanhu Waterbird Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Liupan Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Loess Plateau in western Gansu
China (mainland)	Longgan Hu Wetland Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Longtan Reservoir
China (mainland)	Maoshan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Melmeg (Momege) Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Mengjin Huanghe Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Nansihu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Nanweng He Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Naoli He Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Nuomin-Bila He-Dayangshu
China (mainland)	Poyang Hu wetlands
China (mainland)	Qapqal grassland and wetland
China (mainland)	Qihulin He Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Qindeli Sturgeon Reserve
China (mainland)	Qingtongxia reservoir and Yellow River wetlands in Zhongning and Zhongwei
China (mainland)	Qixing He Wetland Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Qixing Lazi Siberian Tiger Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Rong Jiang Estuary
China (mainland)	Sanjiang Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Sanmenxia Dam Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Shaobo Hu Lake Area
China (mainland)	Shengjin Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Shishankou Reservoir
China (mainland)	Shuangtai (Shuangtaizi) Estuary and Inner Gulf of Liaodong
China (mainland)	Shuifeng Reservoir and middle reaches of Yalu Jiang
China (mainland)	Songhua Hu, Baishan Hu and Hongshi Hu
China (mainland)	Taihang Shan Macaque Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Tailai Dongfanghong
China (mainland)	Taipo Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Taizhou Wan
China (mainland)	Tuanbowa Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Tumen River at Jingxin-Fangchuan
China (mainland)	Tumuji Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Ulansuhai Nur Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Ulungur Hu and Jili Hu (Fu Hai)
China (mainland)	Wolong Hu (Xi Paozi)
China (mainland)	Wuda Lianchi Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Xianghai Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Xingkai Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Xunbiela He Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yancheng Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yangdali Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yinchuan plain
China (mainland)	Yubei Huanghe Gudao Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yueya Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yunfeng Reservoir
China (mainland)	Zhalong Nature Reserve
India	Asan Barrage
India	Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park
India	Chakrashila Complex
India	Dibru - Saikhowa Complex
India	Dipor Beel Bird Sanctuary
India	Farakka Barrage and adjoining area
India	Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Jhanjimukh - Kokilamukh
India	Kaziranga National Park
India	Keoladeo National Park and Ajan Bande
India	Khangchendzonga National Park and Biosphere Reserve
India	Khijadiya Lake and Bird Sanctuary
India	Laokhowa and Burhachapori Sanctuaries
India	Majuli
India	Nalabana Bird Sanctuary (Chilika Lake)
India	Naya Bandh Wetland Complex
India	Okhla Bird Sanctuary
India	Orang National Park
India	Pani-Dihing Bird Sanctuary
India	Sibsagar Tanks
India	Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (National Park)
India	Tamaranga - Dalani - Bhairab Complex
Mongolia	Tashgain Tavan Lakes
Myanmar	Indawgyi Lake and Indawgyi River
Myanmar	Inle Bird Sanctuary (including Balu Chuang, Sagar and Mobye)
Myanmar	Kaladan Estuary
Myanmar	Kyee-ni Inn
Myanmar	Moyingyi Bird Sanctuary
Myanmar	Myittha Lakes (Yit Kan, Yewei Kan, Yathar Kan, Myin Sin Kan and Taungkangyi)
Myanmar	Taung Kan at Sedawgyi
Nepal	Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and Koshi Barrage
North Korea	Mount Chilbo
Philippines	Candaba swamp
Russia (Asian)	Argun' river
Russia (Asian)	Arkhara lowlands (including Khinganskiy Nature Reserve)
Russia (Asian)	Bolon' lake
Russia (Asian)	Khanka plain
Russia (Asian)	Kievka and Chernaya river basins
Russia (Asian)	Lower Tumen river
Russia (Asian)	Torey lakes (including Daursky Nature Reserve)
South Korea	Han-gang river
South Korea	Junam reservoir
Taiwan (China)	Chu'an
Thailand	Bung Boraphet Non Hunting Area
Thailand	Bung Khong Long Non Hunting Area
Thailand	Chiang Saen Basin (including Nong Bong Kai Non-hunting Area)

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	major	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	major	breeding
Altitude	0 - 0 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threats & impact

Threat (level 1)

Threat (level 2)

Impact and Stresses

Agriculture & Aquaculture

Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Agriculture & Aquaculture

Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Small-holder farming

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Biological resource use

Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Rapid Declines

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Species mortality

Natural system modifications

Fire & fire suppression / Trend Unknown/Unrecorded

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Climate change & severe weather

Droughts

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Rapid Declines

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality

Utilisation

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	Subsistence, National	Non-trivial	Recent
Food (human)	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	Subsistence, National	Non-trivial	Recent
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	International	Non-trivial	Recent
Sport	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	Subsistence, National	Non-trivial	Recent

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Aythya baeri. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife

To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.

Key facts
Current IUCN Red List category	Critically Endangered
Family	Anatidae (Ducks, geese and swans)
Species name author	(Radde, 1863)
Population size	150-700 mature individuals
Population trend	Decreasing
Distribution size (breeding/resident)	1,640,000 km²
Country endemic?	No
Links to further information
- Summary information on this species