Species

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Justification
This species is listed as Endangered because it has a small population, a very small range, is known from very few locations and is probably declining. Future searches for the species could confirm historical or discover additional locations, thereby improving its conservation status (Collar et al. 1992).

Taxonomic source(s)
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Stotz, D. F.; Fitzpatrick, J. W.; Parker, T. A.; Moskovits, D. K. 1996. Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Identification
11 cm. Small, yellow-rumped arboreal antwren. Male has a black crown and narrow eye-stripe. Whitish eyebrow, throat and breast, merging into grey sides of neck. Olivaceous upperparts. Tail and wings duskier with yellow wing-bars and fringes. Bright yellow lower back and rump and pale yellow belly. Female has brownish olive crown and upperparts, with yellowish olive rump. Duller grey on breast. Similar spp. Both sexes of Rufous-rumped Antwren T. callionota have rufous on rump. Voice High-pitched, slightly accelerating trill, with the last notes rapidly descending in pitch.

Distribution and population
Terenura sharpei is endemic to the Yungas (east Andean foothills) of Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba) and immediately adjacent Peru (Puno and Cusco). It is rarely seen but has been recorded at the Cochabamba-Villa Tunari road, Chapare, Cochabamba, in 1979; in the Serranía Bellavista north of Caranavi, La Paz, in 1979-1980 (Remsen et al. 1982) and 1997 (S. K. Herzog in litt. 1999, 2007), although playback surveys at the start of the breeding season in 2005 failed to find it and it may no longer be present there (S. K. Herzog in litt. 1999, 2007); Cerro Asunta Plata, La Paz in 1993 (Brumfield and Maillard 2007); Rio Paracti, Chapare, Cochabamba in 2000 (Kreft in litt. 2003, Brumfield and Maillard 2007), and between San Juan del Oro and Putina Punco, Puno in 2007 (S. K. Herzog in litt. 1999, 2007). It may have been overlooked to some extent, and it may possibly occur in reasonably high density along the Manu road (Tobias in litt. 2003), where it occurs above its congener T. calliota in the only known area of overlap (B. Walker in litt. 2007). A population estimate exceeding 10,000 individuals has been suggested (Tobias in litt. 2003), although the species does appear to be naturally rare and patchily distributed, and playback surveys in several areas of prime habitat have failed to find it (S. K. Herzog in litt. 1999, 2007). Numbers have almost certainly declined substantially owing to recent deforestation (Ridgely and Tudor 1994).

Population justification
The population is estimated to number 2,500-9,999 individuals based on an assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size. This is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated Extent of Occurrence is likely to be occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 1,667-6,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification
This species is suspected to lose 45.3-45.5% of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations (14 years) based on a model of Amazonian deforestation (Soares-Filho et al. 2006, Bird et al. 2011). Given the susceptibility of the species to fragmentation and/or edge effects, it is therefore suspected to decline by ≥50% over three generations.

Ecology
It inhabits humid, montane forest, at 1,000-1,850 m, where it forages 10-20 m up in the dense outer edge of the canopy (Remsen et al. 1982). A male was seen in a mixed-species flock passing through the canopy of a shade coffee plantation adjacent to undisturbed forest (S. K. Herzog in litt. 1999, 2007). Breeding appears to coincide with the rainy season and begins in November, at which time the species is quite vocal and territorial (S. K. Herzog in litt. 1999, 2007).

Threats
Accessible areas with suitable habitat (including north of Carañavi) are being cleared for cultivation of coffee, citrus fruit and, at lower altitudes, coca and tea (S. K. Herzog in litt. 1999, 2007). The soils on which its preferred forest grows are relatively rich, and are being exploited for small-scale agriculture by immigrants from the Bolivian altiplano.

Conservation actions underway
The late 19th century specimen locality in Peru lies within what is now the Tambopata-Candamo Reserved Zone. It probably occurs in Madidi National Park (Bolivia) (Remsen and Parker 1995), and at higher elevations of the serranías Beu and Cuchillo in Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Indigenous Territory, La Paz. The Chapare site is within 5 km of the western boundary of Carrasco National Park.

Conservation actions proposed
Survey forests in areas of the upper tropical zone at and between the known localities. Support and strengthen the effective protection of protected areas in the lower Yungas.

References
Remsen, J. V.; Parker, T. A.; Ridgely, R. S. 1982. Natural history notes on some poorly known Bolivian birds. Le Gerfaut 72: 77-87.

Collar, N. J.; Gonzaga, L. P.; Krabbe, N.; Madroño Nieto, A.; Naranjo, L. G.; Parker, T. A.; Wege, D. C. 1992. Threatened birds of the Americas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, U.K.

Ridgely, R. S.; Tudor, G. 1994. The birds of South America. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas.

Remsen, J. V.; Parker, T. A. 1995. Bolivia has the opportunity to create the planet's richest park for terrestrial biota. Bird Conservation International 5: 181-200.

Brumfield, R.; Mailard, O. 2007. Birds of the central Rio Paracti valley, a humid montane forest in Departamento Cochabamba, Bolivia. Ornitologia Neotropical 18(3): 321-337.

Further web sources of information
Detailed species account from the Threatened birds of the Americas: the BirdLife International Red Data Book (BirdLife International 1992). Please note, taxonomic treatment and IUCN Red List category may have changed since publication.

Hear sounds for this species from xeno-canto, the community database of shared bird sounds from around the world.

Recuento detallado de la especie tomado del libro Aves Amenazadas de las Americas, Libro Rojo de BirdLife International (BirdLife International 1992). Nota: la taxonomoa y la categora de la Lista Roja de la UICN pudo haber cambiado desde esta publicacin.

View photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Internet Bird Collection

Text account compilers
Isherwood, I., O'Brien, A., Sharpe, C J, Stuart, T., Symes, A.

Contributors
Herzog, S., Kreft, S., Tobias, J., Walker, B.

IUCN Red List evaluators
Butchart, S., Symes, A.

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Terenura sharpei. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/05/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/05/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife

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