IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Least Concern |
| 2011 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Vulnerable |
| 2006 |
Vulnerable |
| 2004 |
Vulnerable |
| 2000 |
Vulnerable |
| 1996 |
Vulnerable |
| 1994 |
Vulnerable |
| 1988 |
Threatened |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
full migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
continent
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
2,350,000 |
medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) |
2,350,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
11-100 |
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
good |
Estimated |
2010 |
| Population trend |
Increasing |
good |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
2-100 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
6.6 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The 2004 Asian Waterbird Census estimated the population in Korea at 455,000 individuals (D. Li in litt. 2005; Wetlands International 2006). A separate study in 2004 reported 658,000 individuals in Korea (Hansoo Lee in litt. 2004), but this could be an over-estimate. Further to this, Brazil (2009) has estimated national population sizes at <c.100 breeding pairs and c.50-10,000 wintering individuals in China and c.10,000-1 million breeding pairs in Russia. |
|
Trend justification: Surveys conducted every January since 1999 indicate a rapid and consistent increase in the numbers wintering in South Korea (Moores et al. 2010, N. Moores in litt. 2010), accompanied by increases in the species's range and population in China in recent years (Lei Cao and M. Barter in litt. 2010) and possibly a slow increase in Japan since the 1990s (Hironobu Tajiri in litt. 2011). |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Afghanistan |
Unknown |
No |
|
|
|
| Bangladesh |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| China (mainland) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| France |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Hong Kong (China) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| India |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Italy |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Japan |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Kazakhstan |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Kyrgyzstan |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Malta |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Mongolia |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Myanmar |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Nepal |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Netherlands |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| North Korea |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Pakistan |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Russia (Central Asian) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| South Korea |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Spain |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Taiwan (China) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Thailand |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Uzbekistan |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| China (mainland) |
Beidaihe |
 |
| China (mainland) |
Caimushan Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Changshou Hu |
|
| China (mainland) |
Chen Hu Wetland Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Chi Hu Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Dalai Nur Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Dongting Hu wetlands |
|
| China (mainland) |
Eastern tidal flat of Nanhui |
|
| China (mainland) |
Fang Hu Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Fenglin Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Gaoyou Hu |
|
| China (mainland) |
Genhe |
|
| China (mainland) |
Hala Hai |
|
| China (mainland) |
Heiyupao Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Hong Hu Wetland Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Huanzidong |
|
| China (mainland) |
Huma He Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Huzhong Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Jiangkou Niaozhou Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Jingpo Hu Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Jiuduansha Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Kaifeng Liuyuankou Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Keluo He Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Laodengshan Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Laotieshan |
|
| China (mainland) |
Lianhuanhu Waterbird Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Longgan Hu Wetland Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Maoshan Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Nanliu Jiang Estuary |
|
| China (mainland) |
Nansihu Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Nanweng He Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Naoli He Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Nuomin-Bila He-Dayangshu |
|
| China (mainland) |
Poyang Hu wetlands |
|
| China (mainland) |
Qindeli Sturgeon Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Qingtongxia reservoir and Yellow River wetlands in Zhongning and Zhongwei |
|
| China (mainland) |
Qixing He Wetland Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Qixing Lazi Siberian Tiger Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Sanmenxia Dam Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Shaobo Hu Lake Area |
|
| China (mainland) |
Shengjin Hu Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Shijiu Hu (Anhui) |
|
| China (mainland) |
Shishankou Reservoir |
|
| China (mainland) |
Shuifeng Reservoir and middle reaches of Yalu Jiang |
|
| China (mainland) |
Sihong Wetland of Hongze Hu |
|
| China (mainland) |
Taihang Shan Macaque Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Tailai Dongfanghong |
|
| China (mainland) |
Taipo Hu Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Weinan Sanhe wetlands |
|
| China (mainland) |
Wuda Lianchi Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Xianghai Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Xunbiela He Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Yalu Jiang Estuary |
|
| China (mainland) |
Yangdali Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Yubei Huanghe Gudao Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Yueya Hu Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Zhalong Nature Reserve |
|
| India |
Okhla Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Upper Dihing (East) Complex |
|
| Japan |
Kahokugata, Takamatsu coast |
|
| Japan |
Katano-Kamoike |
|
| Kyrgyzstan |
Lake Chatyr-Kul |
|
| Mongolia |
Buir Lake |
|
| Mongolia |
Delta of Orkhon and Selenge Rivers |
|
| Mongolia |
Khovsgol Lake |
|
| Mongolia |
Ogii Lake |
|
| Mongolia |
Onon-Balj |
|
| North Korea |
Amrok River estuary |
|
| North Korea |
Taedong River estuary |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Abyy lowland |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Aldoma bay |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Angara river source |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Aniva bay |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Argun' river |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Arkhara lowlands (including Khinganskiy Nature Reserve) |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Bolon' lake |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Chaun delta |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Dal'dzi lake |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Evoron-Chukchagirskoye depression |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Forty islands |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Indigirka delta |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Keremesit-Sundrun lowland |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Khanka plain |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Kievka and Chernaya river basins |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Kolyma delta |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Kolyma-Alazeya lowland |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Kunashir island |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Lebediny refuge (Markovo depression) |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Lena delta |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Lower Tumen river |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Mukhtel' lake |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Muna River |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Muraviovskiy Wildlife Refuge |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Nevskoye lake |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
North Baikal wetlands |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
North-east Sakhalin lagoons |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
San-Yuryakh |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Selenga delta |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Shantar islands |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Terpyay-Tumus |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Torey lakes (including Daursky Nature Reserve) |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Tunkin valley |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Tyk and Viakhtu bays |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Tyuleniy island |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Udyl' lake |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Ul'banskiy bay |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Yana delta |
|
| South Korea |
Asan Bay (including Asan-ho lake and Sapgyo-ho lake) |
|
| South Korea |
Cheonsu Bay |
|
| South Korea |
Dongjin estuary |
|
| South Korea |
Donglim reservoir |
|
| South Korea |
Gangjin Bay |
|
| South Korea |
Geum-gang river and estuary |
|
| South Korea |
Geumho-ho lake |
|
| South Korea |
Gocheonam-ho lake |
|
| South Korea |
Junam reservoir |
|
| South Korea |
Mangyeong estuary |
|
| South Korea |
Nakdong-gang estuary |
|
| South Korea |
Yeongam-ho lake |
|
| Taiwan (China) |
Chu'an |
|
| Taiwan (China) |
Litzechien |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
major |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
major |
non-breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Residential & commercial development |
Commercial & industrial areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Transportation & service corridors |
Flight paths |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Problematic native species/diseases |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Very Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Pollution |
Domestic & urban waste water / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Anas formosa. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 22/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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