Species

Justification
This species has a moderately small population within a small range and is suspected to be declining moderately rapidly owing to habitat loss. However, the range is not yet severely fragmented or restricted to few locations. For these reasons, the species is classified as Near Threatened. Further information on its population, range and trends may lead to its uplisting to a higher category of threat.

Taxonomic source(s)
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Stotz, D. F.; Fitzpatrick, J. W.; Parker, T. A.; Moskovits, D. K. 1996. Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Synonym(s)
Chloropipo flavicapilla Collar et al. (1994), Chloropipo flavicapilla BirdLife International (2000), Chloropipo flavicapilla BirdLife International (2004), Chloropipo flavicapilla Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), Chloropipo flavicapilla Stotz et al. (1996), Chloropipo flavicapilla

Distribution and population
Xenopipo flavicapilla is locally distributed in south-west Colombia, where it is known from both slopes of the West Andes, in Cauca and Valle del Cauca, the west slope of the north Central Andes in Antioquia, and at the head of the río Magdalena valley in Huila (Ridgely and Tudor 1994). It also occurs on the east slope of the Andes in west Napo and, at least formerly, Tungurahua, Ecuador (Ridgely and Tudor 1994). It is patchily distributed and rare to uncommon in suitable habitat (Ridgely and Tudor 1994). There are relatively few recent records, though it is very inconspicuous and perhaps overlooked (Ridgely and Tudor 1994).

Population justification
The population is preliminarily estimated to number at least 10,000 individuals, roughly equating to 6,700 mature individuals. This requires confirmation. Fieldwork in Cañón del río Barbas y Bremen IBA calculated a density of 0.013 individuals/ha (O. H. Marín-Gómez in litt. 2012).

Trend justification
A moderately rapid and on-going decline is suspected owing to habitat loss. The level of habitat fragmentation within the species's range has been described as severe (O. Cortes in litt. 2009). Fieldwork confirms that the species is in decline and that it may be disappearing from some localities (Castaño-Villa and Patiño-Zabala 2008, O. Cortes in litt. 2009). It has also been noted that the species occupies an altitudinal range in which the rate of deforestation is high (O. Cortes in litt. 2009).

Ecology
It is confined to the lower growth of montane forest and mature secondary woodland (Ridgely and Tudor 1994) from 1,200 to 2,400 m. It is found 1-8 m up in vegetation, occasionally associating with mixed-species flocks (Hilty and Brown 1986).

Threats
Much of its range is within prime agricultural land, some of which has already been cleared, and the rest is probably threatened (Ridgely and Tudor 1994).

Conservation actions underway
None is known.

Conservation actions proposed
Effectively protect and manage protected areas where the species occurs. Monitor population at strongholds and search for the species in potentially suitable habitat at new sites. Study its ecology and its ability to persist in degraded and fragmented habitats. Use GIS habitat loss data to produce estimate of declines.

References
Hilty, S. L.; Brown, W. L. 1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Ridgely, R. S.; Tudor, G. 1994. The birds of South America. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas.

Castaño-Villa, G. J.; Patiño-Zabala, J. C. 2008. Extinciones locales de aves en fragmentos de bosque en la región de Santa Elena, Andes Centrales, Colombia. El Hornero 23: 23-34.

Further web sources of information
Hear sounds for this species from xeno-canto, the community database of shared bird sounds from around the world.

View photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Internet Bird Collection

Text account compilers
Isherwood, I., O'Brien, A., Pilgrim, J., Sharpe, C J, Symes, A.

Contributors
Cortes, O., Marín, O.

IUCN Red List evaluators
Butchart, S., Symes, A.

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Xenopipo flavicapilla. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

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