Species

Justification
This species is classified as Near Threatened because it is suspected to be undergoing a moderately rapid population decline owing to habitat loss.

Taxonomic source(s)
SACC. 2006. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Stotz, D. F.; Fitzpatrick, J. W.; Parker, T. A.; Moskovits, D. K. 1996. Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Identification
9.5 cm. Small, grey cotinga. Dark ashy-grey above with darker crown. Duskier long wings and short tail. Pale cinnamon-buff throat, middle chest and undertail-coverts. Rest of underparts whitish barred grey. Lilac flank tufts often concealed. Sometimes white band on rump. Black, short, stubby bill. Female similar with no tufts. Voice Very thin and metallic psí-si.

Distribution and population
Iodopleura pipra is found in north-east and south-east Brazil, in Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas (A. Whittaker in litt. 1999), Bahia, Espírito Santo (E. O. Willis and Y. Oniki in litt. 1999), Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The species's distribution may be continuous in the forested belt from mid Rio de Janeiro to southern São Paulo at Iguape and Registro. The provenance of two specimens from Demerara, Guyana is problematic but they probably originated from Brazil.

Population justification
The population is preliminarily estimated to number at least 10,000 individuals, roughly equating to 6,700 mature individuals. This requires confirmation.

Trend justification
A moderately rapid and on-going population decline is suspected owing to habitat loss.

Ecology
It inhabits the canopy of mainly coastal, lowland and foothill Atlantic forest, and can tolerate secondary and disturbed growth, forest under-planted with cocoa, and clearings with scattered trees. There is some evidence that the species may be associated with a single species of tall, fine-leafed leguminous tree, which is widespread and locally common, and often supports the clumps of mistletoe on which it primarily feeds. Apart from mistletoe berries, insects are consumed, being caught by upward sallying (Whittaker & Kirwan 2008). Breeding has been recorded in August (with the egg laid in mid-July), September (A. Whittaker in litt. 1999) and (in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) October (A. Whittaker in litt. 1999, Whittaker & Kirwan 2008), with a singing male recorded in December in Espírito Santo.

Threats
Loss of Atlantic forest is the main threat, since this habitat is rapidly being cleared for agricultural and real-estate development. Possible migratory movements to adjacent montane areas in the austral summer will be disrupted by the increasing fragmentation of Atlantic forest.

Conservation actions underway
It is protected under Brazilian law. It survives in a number of protected areas: Desengano and Serra do Mar State Parks, Serra dos Órgãos National Park and Ubatuba Experimental Station (Wege and Long 1995), and was recently recorded in Augusto Ruschi Ecological Station, Forno Grande and Pedra Azul State Parks.

Conservation actions proposed
Survey suitable habitat to clarify distribution and status. Study ecological requirements and seasonal movements. Secure key sites, notably around Ubatuba in São Paulo, and Murici and Usina Serra Grande in Alagoas. Investigate the feasibility of protecting remaining forest at Boa Nova.

References
Collar, N. J.; Gonzaga, L. P.; Krabbe, N.; Madroño Nieto, A.; Naranjo, L. G.; Parker, T. A.; Wege, D. C. 1992. Threatened birds of the Americas: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, U.K.

Wege, D. C.; Long, A. J. 1995. Key Areas for threatened birds in the Neotropics. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.

Further web sources of information
Detailed species account from the Threatened birds of the Americas: the BirdLife International Red Data Book (BirdLife International 1992). Please note, taxonomic treatment and IUCN Red List category may have changed since publication.

Hear sounds for this species from xeno-canto, the community database of shared bird sounds from around the world.

Recuento detallado de la especie tomado del libro Aves Amenazadas de las Americas, Libro Rojo de BirdLife International (BirdLife International 1992). Nota: la taxonomoa y la categora de la Lista Roja de la UICN pudo haber cambiado desde esta publicacin.

View photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Internet Bird Collection

Text account compilers
Capper, D., Clay, R., Harding, M., Sharpe, C J, Symes, A., Williams, R.

Contributors
Oniki, Y., Whittaker, A., Willis, E.

IUCN Red List evaluators
Butchart, S., Symes, A.

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Iodopleura pipra. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife

To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.

Additional resources for this species

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