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Gadwall Anas strepera
IUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Least Concern |
| 2009 | Least Concern |
| 2008 | Least Concern |
| 2004 | Least Concern |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 17,400,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 17,400,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | Estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | Unknown | - | ||
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 7.1 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.3,200,000-3,800,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2006), while national population estimates include: c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in China; c.1,000-10,000 wintering individuals in Korea and <c.100 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in Japan (Brazil 2009). | ||||
| Trend justification: The overall population trend is uncertain, as some populations are decreasing, while others are stable, have unknown trends or are increasing (Wetlands International 2006). This species has undergone a large and statistically significant increase over the last 40 years in North America (506% increase over 40 years, equating to a 56.9% increase per decade; data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Albania | Native | No | |||
| Algeria | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Antigua and Barbuda | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Armenia | Native | No | |||
| Austria | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Azerbaijan | Native | No | |||
| Bahamas | Native | No | |||
| Bahrain | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bangladesh | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Belarus | Native | No | |||
| Belgium | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bermuda (to UK) | Native | No | |||
| Bhutan | Native | No | |||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bulgaria | Native | No | |||
| Cameroon | Vagrant | No | |||
| Canada | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Native | No | |||
| China (mainland) | Native | No | |||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | Vagrant | No | |||
| Croatia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Cuba | Native | No | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Cyprus | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Czech Republic | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Denmark | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Egypt | Native | No | |||
| Eritrea | Native | No | |||
| Estonia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Ethiopia | Native | No | |||
| Finland | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| France | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Germany | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Gibraltar (to UK) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Greece | Native | No | |||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Guam (to USA) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Haiti | Native | No | |||
| Hong Kong (China) | Native | No | |||
| Hungary | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Iceland | Native | No | |||
| India | Native | No | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Native | No | |||
| Iraq | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Ireland | Native | No | |||
| Israel | Native | No | |||
| Italy | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Jamaica | Vagrant | No | |||
| Japan | Native | No | |||
| Jordan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Kazakhstan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Kenya | Native | No | |||
| Kiribati | Native | Yes | Yes | ||
| Kuwait | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Native | No | |||
| Latvia | Native | No | |||
| Lebanon | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Libya | Native | No | |||
| Liechtenstein | Native | No | |||
| Lithuania | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Luxembourg | Native | No | |||
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | Native | No | |||
| Malaysia | Native | No | |||
| Mali | Vagrant | No | |||
| Malta | Native | No | |||
| Marshall Islands | Unknown | No | |||
| Martinique (to France) | Native | No | |||
| Mexico | Native | No | |||
| Moldova | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Mongolia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Montenegro | Native | No | |||
| Morocco | Native | No | |||
| Myanmar | Native | No | |||
| Nepal | Native | No | |||
| Netherlands | Native | No | |||
| Niger | Vagrant | No | |||
| Nigeria | Vagrant | No | |||
| North Korea | Native | No | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Norway | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Oman | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | Native | No | |||
| Palestinian Authority Territories | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Philippines | Native | No | |||
| Poland | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Portugal | Native | No | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Qatar | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Romania | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Russia (European) | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Saudi Arabia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Senegal | Native | No | |||
| Serbia | Native | No | |||
| Singapore | Native | No | |||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Slovakia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Slovenia | Native | No | |||
| Somalia | Vagrant | No | |||
| South Korea | Native | No | |||
| Spain | Native | No | |||
| Sri Lanka | Native | No | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Sudan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Sweden | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Switzerland | Native | No | |||
| Syria | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Taiwan (China) | Native | No | |||
| Tajikistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Tanzania | Native | No | |||
| Thailand | Native | No | |||
| Tunisia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Turkey | Native | No | |||
| Turkmenistan | Native | No | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | Native | No | |||
| Ukraine | Native | No | Yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | Native | No | Yes | ||
| United Kingdom | Native | No | |||
| USA | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Uzbekistan | Native | No | |||
| Vietnam | Native | No | |||
| Yemen | Native | No | Yes |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Hamun-i-Puzak |  |
| Algeria | Garaet Haouas | |
| Algeria | Lac Fetzara | |
| Algeria | Lac Oubeïra | |
| Algeria | Lac Tonga | |
| Austria | Fish-ponds in the Waldviertel | |
| Austria | Lower course of the Traun | |
| Austria | Southern Seewinkel and Zitzmannsdorfer Wiesen | |
| Bangladesh | Aila Beel | |
| Bangladesh | Hakaluki Haor | |
| Bangladesh | Jamuna-Brahmaputra river | |
| Bangladesh | Muhuri Dam | |
| Bangladesh | Tanguar Haor and Panabeel | |
| Belarus | Bielaje fish farm | |
| Belarus | Mid Prypiac' | |
| Belarus | Paliessie fish farm | |
| Belarus | Sialiec | |
| Belarus | Vyhanaščanskija baloty | |
| Belgium | Durme en Middenloop van de Schelde | |
| Belgium | Kuifeend and Blokkersdijk | |
| Belgium | Schorren en Polder van de Beneden-Schelde | |
| Belgium | Zegge | |
| China (mainland) | Cang Shan Er Hai Nature Reserve | |
| China (mainland) | Cao Hai Nature Reserve | |
| China (mainland) | Desert and wetland from Northern Urumqi to Dabancheng | |
| China (mainland) | Oasis, Desert and Wetland at Mosuowan | |
| Czech Republic | Ceskobudejovicke rybniky ponds | |
| Czech Republic | Hermansky stav-Odra-Poolsi wetlands | |
| Czech Republic | Poodri | |
| Czech Republic | Rezabinec pond | |
| Czech Republic | Trebonsko (Trebon region) | |
| Czech Republic | Zehunský rybník pond | |
| Denmark | Maribo lakes | |
| Estonia | Koigi | |
| Estonia | Mullutu | |
| Estonia | Siiksaare-Oessaare bays | |
| Estonia | Sutu bay | |
| Estonia | Väinameri | |
| Finland | Suomenoja | |
| France | Brenne centrale | |
| France | Camargue | |
| France | La Dombes | |
| France | Lac de Grand-Lieu | |
| France | Lac du Der-Chantecoq et étangs latéraux | |
| France | Lacs de la Forêt d'Orient | |
| France | Plaine du Forez | |
| France | Vallée du Rhin : Marckolsheim à Strasbourg | |
| France | Vallée du Rhin : Strasbourg à Lauterbourg | |
| France | Vallée du Rhin : Village-neuf à Biescheim | |
| Greece | Evros delta | |
| India | Bardha Dam | |
| India | Kanjli Lake | |
| India | Nalabana Bird Sanctuary (Chilika Lake) | |
| India | Patna Bird Sanctuary | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Amirkelayeh lake | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Anzali Mordab complex | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Arjan Protected Area | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Fereidoonkenar marshes | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Gavekhoni lake, and marshes of the lower Zaindeh Rud | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Gomishan marshes and Turkoman steppes | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Hamidieh (Omidiyeh) plains | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Hamoun-i Sabari and Hamoun-i Hirmand | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Hilleh Protected Area | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Horeh Bamdej | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Izeh and Sheikho lakes | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Lake Alagol, Lake Ulmagol and Lake Ajigol | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Lake Bakhtegan, Lake Tashk and Kamjan marshes | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Lake Maharlu | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Lapoo - Zargmarz ab-bandans | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Miankaleh Peninsula and Gorgan Bay | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Seyed Mohalli, Zarin Kola and Larim Sara | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Shadegan marshes and tidal mudflats of Khor-al Amaya and Khor Musa | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | South Caspian shore, from Astara to Gomishan | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | South end of the Hamoun-i Puzak | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Susangerd marshes | |
| Iraq | Bahr Al Milh | |
| Iraq | Baquba wetlands | |
| Iraq | Haur Al Hammar | |
| Iraq | Haur Al Haushiya | |
| Iraq | Haur Al Sa'adiyah | |
| Kazakhstan | Korgalzhyn State Nature Reserve | |
| Kazakhstan | Zhumay-Mayshukyr Lake System | |
| Mongolia | Darkhad Depression | |
| Mongolia | Khar Us Lake | |
| Mongolia | Selengiin Tsagaan Lake | |
| Mongolia | Tashgain Tavan Lakes | |
| Mongolia | Uvsiin Khar Lake | |
| Morocco | Merja Zerga | |
| Myanmar | Ayeyarwaddy River: Myitkyina to Sinbo Section | |
| Netherlands | Biesbosch | |
| Netherlands | Haringvliet | |
| Netherlands | Hollands Diep | |
| Netherlands | Lake Gooimeer | |
| Netherlands | Lake IJsselmeer | |
| Netherlands | Lake Volkerak | |
| Netherlands | Lauwersmeer | |
| Netherlands | Markiezaat | |
| Netherlands | Oostvaardersplassen | |
| Netherlands | Oude Venen | |
| Pakistan | Haleji Wildlife Sanctuary | |
| Pakistan | Hammal Katchery Lake | |
| Pakistan | Mehboob Shah Lake | |
| Poland | Insko Site | |
| Poland | Lower Odra river valley | |
| Poland | Lower Skawa River Valley | |
| Poland | Nida Rivar Valley | |
| Poland | Siemianowka Reseirvoir | |
| Poland | Warta River Mouth | |
| Romania | Danube Delta | |
| Romania | Ilfov reservoir | |
| Romania | Lake Beibugeac (Plopu) | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Bykovo lake | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Chernoye Lake | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Kurtan Lake | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Man'yass lake | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Schuch'i lakes | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Schuch'ye lake | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Shchuch'ye lake | |
| Russia (Central Asian) | Stekleney Lake | |
| Russia (European) | Kamsko-Ikski area | |
| Serbia | Carska bara | |
| Spain | Alcázar de San Juan-Quero endorreic lagoons | |
| Spain | Ebro delta | |
| Spain | River Ebro dam | |
| Spain | Tablas de Daimiel marshes; 'Vicario' and 'Gasset' reservoirs and Malagón lakes | |
| Switzerland | 'Grosses Moos' plain and Niederried reservoir | |
| Switzerland | Klingnau reservoir | |
| Switzerland | Lake Constance: Bay of Ermatingen | |
| Tunisia | Sebkhet Kelbia | |
| Turkey | Bafa Lake | |
| Turkey | Ereğli Plain | |
| Turkey | Kızılırmak Delta | |
| Turkey | Sultan Marsh | |
| Ukraine | Ikva river valley | |
| Ukraine | Oril' river valley | |
| Ukraine | Samars'kyj forest | |
| United Kingdom | Avon Valley | |
| United Kingdom | Broadland | |
| United Kingdom | Lea Valley | |
| United Kingdom | Loch Leven | |
| United Kingdom | Lower Derwent Valley | |
| United Kingdom | Ouse Washes | |
| United Kingdom | Rutland Water | |
| United Kingdom | Somerset Levels and Moors | |
| United Kingdom | South-west London Waterbodies | |
| United Kingdom | Thames Estuary and Marshes | |
| United Kingdom | Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits | |
| Uzbekistan | Northern shore of Aydarkul Lake | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | major | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 0 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Sport | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Anas strepera. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Least Concern |
| Family | Anatidae (Ducks, geese and swans) |
| Species name author | Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Unknown |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 17,400,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
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