IUCN Red List Criteria
| Critically Endangered |
B2ab(ii,iii,v) |
| Endangered |
A2bcde+3cde;B2ab(ii,iii,v) |
| Vulnerable |
A2bcde+3cde;B2ab(ii,iii,v);D2 |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2010 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2009 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2008 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2007 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2005 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2004 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2000 |
Critically Endangered |
| 1996 |
Vulnerable |
| 1994 |
Vulnerable |
| 1988 |
Threatened |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Medium |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
2400-4800 |
good |
Estimated |
2003 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
good |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
15.5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The most recent population census indicates a population of 2,400-4,800 mature individuals (D. James in litt. 2003), roughly equivalent to 3,600-7,200 individuals in total. |
|
Trend justification: A historical review suggests that the population declined by around 66% over the last three generations (James 2003), apparently owing to habitat clearance and dust fallout from phosphate mining, marine pollution, over-fishing and bycatch in fishing gear. These declines are projected to continue, and while the introduced yellow crazy ant has not yet been shown to adversely affect frigatebird colonies it undoubtedly represents a serious future threat. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Australia |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Brunei |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cambodia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| China (mainland) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Christmas Island (to Australia) |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Hong Kong (China) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| India |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Indonesia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Japan |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Malaysia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Philippines |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Singapore |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Sri Lanka |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Thailand |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Timor-Leste |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Vietnam |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Cambodia |
Koh Tang Archipelago |
 |
| Christmas Island (to Australia) |
Christmas Island |
|
| Indonesia |
Pulau Dua |
|
| Indonesia |
Pulau Rambut |
|
| Indonesia |
Ujung Kulon National Park |
|
| Malaysia |
Bako-Buntal Bay |
|
| Malaysia |
Mantanani islands |
|
| Malaysia |
Sipadan islands |
|
| Malaysia |
Tanjung Datu-Samunsam Protected Area |
|
| Malaysia |
Tempasuk plains |
|
| Thailand |
Hat Nooparat Thara-Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park |
|
| Timor-Leste |
Areia Branca beach and hinterland |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Forest |
Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland |
major |
breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Estuaries |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Macroalgal/Kelp |
major |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Pelagic |
major |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Seagrass (Submerged) |
major |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel |
major |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs |
major |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Sandy |
major |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Sandy-Mud |
major |
resident |
| Marine Oceanic |
Epipelagic (0-200m) |
major |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Small-holder farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Energy production & mining |
Mining & quarrying |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Unspecified micro-organisms |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Yellow Crazy Ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects |
|
| Pollution |
Industrial & military effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Storms & flooding |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Eggs |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Fregata andrewsi. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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