IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Least Concern |
| 2009 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Least Concern |
| 2004 |
Least Concern |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
540,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
670-17000 |
poor |
Estimated |
2009 |
| Population trend |
Unknown |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
10.1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The population is estimated to number 1,000-25,000 individuals, roughly equating to 670-17,000 mature individuals. |
|
Trend justification: The population trend is difficult to determine because of uncertainty over the main threats to the species. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Eritrea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Ethiopia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Eritrea |
Asmara escarpment |
 |
| Eritrea |
Senafe |
|
| Ethiopia |
Akaki - Aba-Samuel wetlands |
|
| Ethiopia |
Ankober - Debre Sina escarpment |
|
| Ethiopia |
Awi Zone |
|
| Ethiopia |
Bahir Dar - Lake Tana |
|
| Ethiopia |
Bale Mountains National Park |
|
| Ethiopia |
Berga floodplain |
|
| Ethiopia |
Borana-Saynt (Denkoro Forest) |
|
| Ethiopia |
Chilimo-Gaji forest |
|
| Ethiopia |
Choke mountains |
|
| Ethiopia |
Dessa'a forest |
|
| Ethiopia |
Entoto Natural Park and escarpment |
|
| Ethiopia |
Gefersa reservoir |
|
| Ethiopia |
Guassa Plateau (Menz) |
|
| Ethiopia |
Gudo plain |
|
| Ethiopia |
Hugumburda and Grat-Kahsu forests |
|
| Ethiopia |
Jibat forest |
|
| Ethiopia |
Lake Ashenge |
|
| Ethiopia |
Menagesha State Forest |
|
| Ethiopia |
Metu - Gore - Tepi forests |
|
| Ethiopia |
Mount Zuquala |
|
| Ethiopia |
Mugo highlands |
|
| Ethiopia |
Simien Mountains National Park |
|
| Ethiopia |
Sululta plain |
|
| Ethiopia |
Tiro Boter - Becho forest |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Plantations |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Urban Areas |
suitable |
breeding |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude |
suitable |
resident |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) |
|
major |
breeding |
| Shrubland |
Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
1500 - 4100 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Scale Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Small-holder farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
War, civil unrest & military exercises |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Natural system modifications |
Dams & water management/use / Abstraction of ground water (unknown use) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Soil erosion, sedimentation |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Droughts |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Bostrychia carunculata. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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