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Chilean Flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis
IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
IUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Near Threatened |
| 2008 | Near Threatened |
| 2006 | Near Threatened |
| 2004 | Near Threatened |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | continent |
Average mass | 2277 g |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 401,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 401,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | medium | Estimated | 2000 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | poor | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 15.3 | - | - | - |
|
Population justification: The population was estimated to number 200,000 individuals by del Hoyo (1992) and Valqui et al. (2000), however a coordinated census in 2010 found 283,000 individuals, and gave a total population estimate of 300,000 individuals (Marconi et al. 2011). | ||||
| Trend justification: A moderately rapid and on-going population decline is suspected owing to egg-harvesting, hunting, disturbance and degradation of its habitats. Coordinated counts from 2010 (Marconi et al. 2011) suggest that declines may be less severe than previously suspected, but further monitoring is needed to confirm this. | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Native | No | |||
| Bolivia | Native | No | |||
| Brazil | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Chile | Native | No | |||
| Ecuador | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Paraguay | Native | No | |||
| Peru | Native | No | |||
| Uruguay | Native | No | Yes |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Area Natural Protegida El Mangrullo |  |
| Argentina | Bañado de Añatuya | |
| Argentina | Bañados de Figueroa | |
| Argentina | Bañados del Arroyo Chucul y Reserva Natural de Fauna Laguna La Felipa | |
| Argentina | Bañados del Río Saladillo | |
| Argentina | Bañados del Utis | |
| Argentina | Bahía de Samborombón y Punta Rasa | |
| Argentina | Bajos Submeridionales | |
| Argentina | Barrancas de Baradero | |
| Argentina | Caldenal del Sudoeste de Buenos Aires | |
| Argentina | Ceibas | |
| Argentina | Comodoro Rivadavia | |
| Argentina | Complejo Islote Lobos | |
| Argentina | Complejo Punta Tombo - Punta Atlas | |
| Argentina | El Zurdo | |
| Argentina | Estancia El Cóndor | |
| Argentina | Estepas arbustivas del Sur de Buenos Aires | |
| Argentina | Estuario del Río Coyle | |
| Argentina | Estuario del Río Gallegos | |
| Argentina | Extensión Límite Este y Sur del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi | |
| Argentina | Laguna de Pradere | |
| Argentina | Laguna de Varvarco Campos y Tapia | |
| Argentina | Laguna El Peinado | |
| Argentina | Laguna Grande | |
| Argentina | Laguna Guayatayoc | |
| Argentina | Laguna La Alumbrera | |
| Argentina | Laguna Los Enamorados | |
| Argentina | Laguna Melincué | |
| Argentina | Laguna Nimez y costa aledaña del Lago Argentino | |
| Argentina | Laguna Purulla | |
| Argentina | Lagunas de Guanacache | |
| Argentina | Lagunas del suroeste y relictos del Caldenal | |
| Argentina | Lagunas Runtuyoc - Los Enamorados | |
| Argentina | Lagunas San Miguel y El Sauce | |
| Argentina | Lagunillas | |
| Argentina | Luracatao y Valles Calchaquíes | |
| Argentina | Meseta de Somuncura Provincial Natural Protected Area | |
| Argentina | Meseta del Asador (o Aguila) | |
| Argentina | Meseta Lago Buenos Aires | |
| Argentina | Meseta Lago Strobel | |
| Argentina | Monumento Natural Bosques Petrificados y Estancia El Cuadro | |
| Argentina | Monumento Natural Laguna de Los Pozuelos | |
| Argentina | Norte del Golfo San Jorge | |
| Argentina | Parque Costero del Sur | |
| Argentina | Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca | |
| Argentina | Parque Nacional Lihue Calel | |
| Argentina | Parque Nacional Los Alerces y Laguna Terraplén | |
| Argentina | Parque Nacional Los Cardones | |
| Argentina | Parque Nacional Los Glaciares y adyacencias (Estancias El Sosiego, La Soledad y Anita) | |
| Argentina | Parque Nacional Perito Moreno y Reserva Provincial San Lorenzo | |
| Argentina | Parque Provincial Cumbres Calchaquíes | |
| Argentina | Península y Bahía de San Julián | |
| Argentina | Reserva Campos del Tuyú, Estancia El Palenque y Los Ingleses | |
| Argentina | Reserva de Biosfera Albufera de Mar Chiquita | |
| Argentina | Reserva de Uso Múltiple Bañados del Río Dulce y Laguna Mar Chiquita | |
| Argentina | Reserva de Uso Múltiple de Bahía Blanca, Bahía Falsa y Bahía Verde | |
| Argentina | Reserva de Uso Múltiple San Blas y Refugio de Vida silvestre Complementario | |
| Argentina | Reserva Natural de La Angostura | |
| Argentina | Reserva Natural Otamendi, Reserva Provincial Río Lujan y alrededores | |
| Argentina | Reserva Natural Punta Lara | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial Aleusco | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial de Uso Múltiple Laguna Leandro | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial de Usos Múltiples Federico Wildermuth | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial Laguna Brava | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial Laguna de Llancanelo | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial Laguna Salada Grande | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial Olaroz-Cauchari | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial Parque Luro | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial Tromen | |
| Argentina | Reserva Provincial y de la Biosfera Laguna Blanca | |
| Argentina | Salar del Hombre Muerto | |
| Argentina | Salinas de Ambargasta | |
| Argentina | Salinas Grandes | |
| Argentina | San Antonio Oeste | |
| Argentina | Sistema de Lagunas Los Aparejos, Azul y Negra | |
| Argentina | Sistema de lagunas de Vilama-Pululos | |
| Argentina | Sistema Península de Valdés | |
| Argentina | Socompá-Llullaillaco | |
| Argentina | Sur de Ramallo | |
| Argentina | Valle del Río Collón Curá | |
| Argentina | Valle del río Paraguay-Paraná | |
| Argentina | Valle Fluvial del Río Paraguay | |
| Argentina | Victorica | |
| Argentina | Villa Iris, Chasicó, Napostá | |
| Argentina | Villa marítima El Cóndor | |
| Argentina | Vuelta de Obligado | |
| Bolivia | Lago Poopó y Río Laka Jahuira | |
| Bolivia | Lago Titicaca (Sector Boliviano) | |
| Bolivia | Lagunas de Agua Dulce del Sureste de Potosí | |
| Bolivia | Lagunas Salinas del Suroeste de Potosí | |
| Bolivia | Parque nacional Sajama | |
| Bolivia | Reserva Biológica Cordillera de Sama | |
| Bolivia | Yungas Superiores de Apolobamba | |
| Brazil | Banhado do Taim | |
| Brazil | Estuário da Laguna dos Patos | |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe | |
| Chile | Bahía de Putemun | |
| Chile | Bahía de Quinchao | |
| Chile | Bahía Lomas | |
| Chile | Baker River Wetlands | |
| Chile | Chacabuco Valley and Baker River Entrance | |
| Chile | Corredor Biológico Nevados de Chillán-Laguna del Laja | |
| Chile | Coyahique Alto-Coite | |
| Chile | Desembocadura del Río Itata | |
| Chile | Desembocadura Río Mataquito | |
| Chile | Estuario de Maullín y Cerro Amortajado | |
| Chile | Humedal El Yali | |
| Chile | Laguna del Negro Francisco y Laguna Santa Rosa | |
| Chile | Lenqui | |
| Chile | Marisma Buque Quemado | |
| Chile | Monumento Natural Laguna de los Cisnes | |
| Chile | Parque Nacional Lauca | |
| Chile | Parque Nacional Salar de Huasco | |
| Chile | Parque Nacional Torres del Paine | |
| Chile | Parque Nacional Volcán Isluga | |
| Chile | Pingüinera del Seno Otway | |
| Chile | Pollolla Lagoon | |
| Chile | Reserva Nacional Los Flamencos - Soncor | |
| Chile | Salar de Pujsa | |
| Chile | Salar de Tara | |
| Chile | Santuario de las Aves Bahía de Caulín | |
| Chile | Sistema Quetalmahue, Quilo y Mar Brava | |
| Chile | Souce of Huemules River | |
| Ecuador | Lagunas de Ecuasal-Salinas | |
| Ecuador | Reserva Ecológica Manglares-Churute | |
| Paraguay | Laguna Ganzo | |
| Paraguay | Parque Nacional Tinfunqué - Estero Patiño | |
| Peru | Cotahuasi | |
| Peru | Humedales de Chimbote | |
| Peru | Lago de Junín | |
| Peru | Lago Lagunillas | |
| Peru | Lago Parinacochas | |
| Peru | Laguna Chacchura | |
| Peru | Laguna El Paraíso | |
| Peru | Laguna Maquera | |
| Peru | Ramis y Arapa (Lago Titicaca, sector Peruano) | |
| Peru | Reserva Nacional de Paracas | |
| Peru | Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras | |
| Peru | Reserva Nacional Salinas y Aguada Blanca | |
| Uruguay | Castillos Lagoon | |
| Uruguay | Garzón Lagoon | |
| Uruguay | José Ignacio Lagoon | |
| Uruguay | Rocha Lagoon | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 4500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use / Abstraction of ground water (unknown use) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Food (human) | Whole | Eggs | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Phoenicopterus chilensis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Near Threatened |
| Family | Phoenicopteridae (Flamingos) |
| Species name author | Molina, 1782 |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Decreasing |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 401,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
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