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Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja
IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
IUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Near Threatened |
| 2008 | Near Threatened |
| 2004 | Near Threatened |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1988 | Threatened |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | High |
| Land mass type | continent |
Average mass | - |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 7,600,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | medium | Estimated | 0 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | poor | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 18.5 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: Partners in Flight estimated the population to number fewer than 50,000 individuals (A. Panjabi in litt. 2008), thus it is placed in the band 20,000-49,999 individuals here. | ||||
| Trend justification: This species is suspected to lose 27.6-45.5% of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations (56 years) based on a model of Amazonian deforestation (Soares-Filho et al. 2006, Bird et al. 2011). However, losses outside Amazonia are judged to be likely to be lower (A. Lees in litt. 2011), so the species is therefore suspected to decline by 25-30% over three generations. | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Belize | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bolivia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Brazil | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Colombia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Costa Rica | Native | No | |||
| Ecuador | Native | No | Yes | ||
| French Guiana | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Guatemala | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Guyana | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Honduras | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Mexico | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Nicaragua | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Panama | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Paraguay | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Peru | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Suriname | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Venezuela | Native | No |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Alta cuenca del arroyo Piray Guazú |  |
| Argentina | Cuenca del Piray Miní | |
| Argentina | Parque Provincial Urugua-í | |
| Argentina | Reserva de la Biósfera Yabotí | |
| Argentina | Sierra Morena | |
| Belize | Maya Mountains and southern reserves | |
| Belize | Rio Bravo CMA Gallon Jug Estate | |
| Bolivia | Noel Kempff Mercado | |
| Bolivia | Reserva de Inmovilización Iténez | |
| Bolivia | Reserva Nacional Amazónica Manuripi Heath | |
| Bolivia | Yungas Inferiores de Madidi | |
| Brazil | Arquipélago de Anavilhanas | |
| Brazil | Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais e Entorno | |
| Brazil | Campinas e Várzeas do Rio Branco | |
| Brazil | Caxiuanã / Portel | |
| Brazil | Cristalino / Serra do Cachimbo | |
| Brazil | Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras | |
| Brazil | Guaraqueçaba / Jacupiranga / Cananéia | |
| Brazil | Ji-Paraná / Roosevelt | |
| Brazil | Mamirauá | |
| Brazil | Parque Estadual do Cantão | |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional da Amazônia | |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães e Adjacências | |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena e Entorno | |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional de Itatiaia | |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional do Jaú | |
| Brazil | Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque | |
| Brazil | Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas | |
| Brazil | Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural SESC Pantanal e Entorno | |
| Brazil | Rio Capim | |
| Brazil | Saltos das Andorinhas e de Dardanelos | |
| Brazil | Serra do Tabuleiro State Park (Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro IBA) | |
| Brazil | Serra dos Carajás | |
| Brazil | Sooretama / Linhares | |
| Brazil | Vale do Guaporé | |
| Colombia | Estación Biológica Mosiro-Itajura | |
| Colombia | Parque Nacional Natural Chiribiquete | |
| Colombia | Parque Nacional Natural Ensenada de Utría | |
| Colombia | Parque Nacional Natural Los Katíos | |
| Colombia | Reserva Regional Bajo Cauca Nechí | |
| Colombia | Serranía de las Minas | |
| Costa Rica | Sierpe Wetlands and Osa Peninsula | |
| Ecuador | Bajo Napo | |
| Ecuador | Gran Yasuní | |
| Ecuador | Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno | |
| Ecuador | Territorio Achuar | |
| French Guiana | Nouragues | |
| French Guiana | Parc Amazonien de Guyane et Saül | |
| French Guiana | Trinité | |
| Guyana | Karaw/Aruka | |
| Guyana | Mapari - Kanuku Mountain | |
| Honduras | Parque Nacional Patuca | |
| Honduras | Río Plátano | |
| Honduras | Tawahka | |
| Nicaragua | Bosawas | |
| Nicaragua | Indio Maíz | |
| Nicaragua | Punta Gorda | |
| Nicaragua | San Juan River - La Inmaculada Concepcion de Maria | |
| Panama | Darien-Cerro Sapo National Park (Darién National Park IBA) | |
| Panama | La Amistad International Park (part of La Amistad and Surrounding Areas AZE) | |
| Peru | Alto Purus | |
| Peru | Bahuaja-Sonene | |
| Peru | Cuenca Río Nanay | |
| Peru | Manu | |
| Peru | Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul | |
| Peru | Río Orosa | |
| Peru | Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria | |
| Peru | Tambopata | |
| Suriname | Bakhuys mountains | |
| Suriname | Centraal Suriname Nature Reserve (CSNR) | |
| Suriname | Grensgebergte/Toemoek-hoemak | |
| Suriname | Kabalebo / Arapahu | |
| Venezuela | Campamento Junglaven | |
| Venezuela | Henri Pittier National Park (Parque Nacional Henri Pittier IBA) | |
| Venezuela | Monumento Natural Tepui Guaiquinima | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional Canaima | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional Duida-Marahuaca | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional Guatopo | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional Mariusa-Delta del Orinoco | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional Parima-Tapirapecó | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional Perijá (part of Serrania de Perija transboundary AZE) | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional San Esteban | |
| Venezuela | Parque Nacional Serranía La Neblina | |
| Venezuela | Reserva Forestal Imataca | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 900 m | Occasional altitudinal limits | (max) 2000 m |
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Medium Impact: | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Medium Impact: | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Harpia harpyja. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 18/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 18/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Near Threatened |
| Family | Accipitridae (Osprey, kites, hawks and eagles) |
| Species name author | (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Decreasing |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 7,600,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
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