IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) |
B1ab(iii,v);C2a(ii) |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Near Threatened |
| 2008 |
Near Threatened |
| 2004 |
Near Threatened |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1988 |
Threatened |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
7,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
1100 |
medium |
Estimated |
1997 |
| Population trend |
Stable |
medium |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
13.4 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: Using a mean density of 0.004 birds/ha observed in 1993, and an estimate of 400,000 ha of suitable habitat on Hawai'i, an estimate of 1,600 birds, including 1,120 adults (560 pairs), was calculated by Hall et al. (1997). A similar estimate of 1,457 individuals was obtained from surveys in 1998-1999. The breeding population calculated by Hall et al. (1997) is rounded to 1,100 mature individuals. |
|
Trend justification: The population is thought to be fairly stable and may be at or near the carrying capacity of remaining habitat (J. Nelson in litt. 2007). |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| USA |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| USA |
Hamakua Forests |
 |
| USA |
Kau Forest |
|
| USA |
Kona Forests |
|
| USA |
Mauna Loa-Kilauea Forests |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Plantations |
suitable |
resident |
| Forest |
Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland |
suitable |
resident |
| Forest |
Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane |
major |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 2700 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Residential & commercial development |
Housing & urban areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Livestock farming & ranching / Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Transportation & service corridors |
Roads & railroads |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Likely to Return |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Recreational activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Species mortality |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Work & other activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
No decline |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Domestic Pig (Sus domesticus) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Fire Tree (Myrica faya) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Sport |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Buteo solitarius. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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