IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Least Concern |
| 2009 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Least Concern |
| 2004 |
Least Concern |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
full migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
18,700,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
poor |
Estimated |
2009 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
5.3 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The population is estimated to number 1,300,000-1,500,000 individuals. |
|
Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2006), and in North America the trend is increasing (based on BBS/CBC data: Butcher and Niven 2007). |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Angola |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Argentina |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Aruba (to Netherlands) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bahamas |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bangladesh |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Barbados |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Belize |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Benin |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bermuda (to UK) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Bhutan |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Bolivia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Botswana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Brazil |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Burkina Faso |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Burundi |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cameroon |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Canada |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cayman Islands (to UK) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Côte d'Ivoire |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Central African Republic |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Chad |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Chile |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Colombia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Congo |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Costa Rica |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cuba |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Dominica |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Dominican Republic |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Ecuador |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| El Salvador |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Eritrea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Ethiopia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| France |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| French Guiana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Gabon |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Gambia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Ghana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Grenada |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Guadeloupe (to France) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Guatemala |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Guyana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Haiti |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Honduras |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| India |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Israel |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Jamaica |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Kenya |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Lesotho |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Madagascar |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Malawi |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mali |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Martinique (to France) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mauritania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mexico |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Montserrat (to UK) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Morocco |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Mozambique |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Myanmar |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Namibia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Nepal |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Niger |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Nigeria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Oman |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Pakistan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Panama |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Paraguay |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Peru |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Portugal |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Puerto Rico (to USA) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Rwanda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Senegal |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Sierra Leone |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Somalia |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| South Africa |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| South Sudan |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Spain |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Sri Lanka |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| St Kitts and Nevis |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| St Lucia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| St Vincent and the Grenadines |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Sudan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Suriname |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Swaziland |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Tanzania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Togo |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Trinidad and Tobago |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Uganda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Uruguay |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| USA |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Venezuela |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Virgin Islands (to UK) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Virgin Islands (to USA) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Yemen |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Zambia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Zimbabwe |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Bangladesh |
Aila Beel |
 |
| Bangladesh |
Hail Haor |
 |
| Bangladesh |
Tanguar Haor and Panabeel |
 |
| Botswana |
Okavango Delta |
 |
| Chad |
Lake Chad |
 |
| Chad |
Lake Fitri |
 |
| Colombia |
Haciendas Ganaderas del Norte del Cauca |
 |
| Ecuador |
Ciénaga de La Segua |
 |
| Ecuador |
Ciénagas de Guayaquil |
 |
| El Salvador |
Cerrón Grande |
 |
| Ghana |
Keta Lagoon Ramsar Site |
 |
| India |
Farakka Barrage and adjoining area |
 |
| India |
Mangal Jodi |
 |
| Malawi |
Lake Chilwa and flood-plain |
 |
| Mali |
Lac Débo - Lac Oualado Débo |
 |
| Mali |
Lac Faguibine |
 |
| Mali |
Lac Horo |
 |
| Mauritania |
Lac d'Aleg |
 |
| Niger |
Lassouri - Karandi wetlands |
 |
| Nigeria |
Hadejia-Nguru wetlands |
 |
| South Sudan |
Sudd (Bahr-el-Jebel system) |
 |
| Tanzania |
Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir |
 |
| Uganda |
Kibimba Rice Scheme |
 |
| Zambia |
Kafue Flats |
 |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
major |
breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
major |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 1000 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Scale Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Transportation & service corridors |
Utility & service lines |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
No decline |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Persecution/control |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Gathering terrestrial plants / Unintentional effects (species is not the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
No decline |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Avian Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Herbicides and pesticides |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Soil erosion, sedimentation |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Handicrafts, jewellery, decorations, curios |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Dendrocygna bicolor. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.