Pallas's Fish-eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus)

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Pallas's Fish-eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus

IUCN Red List Criteria

Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable	C2a(ii)

IUCN Red List history

Year	Category
2012	Vulnerable
2008	Vulnerable
2007	Vulnerable
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Species attributes

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	Does not normally occur in forest
Land mass type	continent	Average mass	-

Distribution

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km²)	3,130,000	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km²)	3,130,000	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Fragmentation		-

Population & trend

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	2500-9999	poor	Estimated	2000
Population trend	Decreasing	poor		-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Largest subpopulation	2500-9999	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	17.2	-	-	-
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number < c.10,000 mature individuals (by BirdLife International 2001) based on detailed analysis of available records, while the population in China has been estimated at c.100-10,000 breeding pairs (Brazil 2009). It is placed in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals, equivalent to 3,750-14,999 individuals in total, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals.
Trend justification: A moderate and on-going population decline is suspected on the basis of rates of loss, degradation and disturbance of wetland habitats and adjacent nesting trees throughout its range.

Country/Territory distribution

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Extinct	Breeding	Non-breeding	Passage
Afghanistan	Native	No			Yes
Bangladesh	Native	No	Yes
Bhutan	Native	No	Yes
Cambodia	Vagrant	No		Yes
China (mainland)	Native	No	Yes
Finland	Vagrant	No
India	Native	No	Yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Native	No		Yes
Iraq	Vagrant	No		Yes
Israel	Vagrant	No		Yes
Kazakhstan	Native	No	Yes
Kyrgyzstan	Native	No			Yes
Mongolia	Native	No	Yes
Myanmar	Native	No	Yes
Nepal	Native	No		Yes	Yes
Netherlands	Vagrant	No
Norway	Vagrant	No
Oman	Vagrant	No		Yes
Pakistan	Native	No	Yes
Russia (Asian)	Native	No	Yes
Russia (Central Asian)	Native	No
Russia (European)	Native	Yes	Yes
Saudi Arabia	Vagrant	No		Yes
Tajikistan	Native	No	Yes
Thailand	Vagrant	possibly
Turkmenistan	Native	No			Yes
Ukraine	Vagrant	No
United Arab Emirates	Vagrant	No		Yes
Uzbekistan	Native	No	Yes

Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria

Country/Territory	IBA Name	IBA link
Bangladesh	Aila Beel
Bangladesh	Hail Haor
Bangladesh	Pablakhali Wildlife Sanctuary
Bangladesh	Sunderbans (East, South, West Wildlife Sanctuaries)
Bangladesh	Tanguar Haor and Panabeel
Bhutan	Ada lake / Puna Tsangchu
Bhutan	Jigme Dorji National Park
Bhutan	Royal Manas National Park
China (mainland)	Aksu River basin
China (mainland)	Aqqik Kol and alpine grassland
China (mainland)	Ayark Kol and alpine grassland
China (mainland)	Babso Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Baishui Jiang Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Bayanbulak and Kaidu River Valley
China (mainland)	Bogda (Tian Chi)
China (mainland)	Burqin River and Kanas Lake
China (mainland)	Changshagongma Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Changtang plateau
China (mainland)	Desert and wetland from Northern Urumqi to Dabancheng
China (mainland)	Dunhuang Nature Reserve and Western Qilian Shan mountains
China (mainland)	Eastern Qilian Shan mountains
China (mainland)	Heshui
China (mainland)	Hotan Oasis
China (mainland)	Huang He Shouqu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Ili River basin
China (mainland)	Kasha Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Kunes forest
China (mainland)	Liupan Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Loess Plateau in western Gansu
China (mainland)	Lower reaches of Tarim River
China (mainland)	Markit-Yarkant Oasis
China (mainland)	Mori Grassland
China (mainland)	Oasis and Desert in Hami
China (mainland)	Oasis, Desert and Wetland at Mosuowan
China (mainland)	Qinghai Hu (Koko Nor)
China (mainland)	Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Simian Shan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Tarim Euphrates Poplar Forest Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Têwo Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Ulansuhai Nur Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Ulugqat grassland and wetland
China (mainland)	Ulungur Hu and Jili Hu (Fu Hai)
China (mainland)	Xayar forest and wetland
China (mainland)	Xiaohegou Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Xiaruyue Reservoir
China (mainland)	Zhengzhou Huanghe Wetland Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Zoigê (Ruo'ergai) Marshes
India	Asan Barrage
India	Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary
India	Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park
India	Bhoj wetland
India	Bordoibam - Bilmukh Bird Sanctuary
India	Chakrashila Complex
India	Chandubi Lake and adjoining areas
India	Corbett Tiger Reserve
India	D'Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Dibru - Saikhowa Complex
India	Dipor Beel Bird Sanctuary
India	Dudhwa National Park
India	Gorumara National Park
India	Haigam Rakh (marshes)
India	Harike Lake Bird Sanctuary
India	Hokarsar
India	Jaisamand Lake and Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Jamjing and Sengajan
India	Jengdia Beel and Satgaon
India	Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary and Girijapur Barrage
India	Kaziranga National Park
India	Keoladeo National Park and Ajan Bande
India	Khangchendzonga National Park and Biosphere Reserve
India	Kulik (Raiganj) Bird Sanctuary
India	Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary - Tsomgo - Tamze - Chola Complex
India	Lakh-Bahosi Bird Sanctuary
India	Laokhowa and Burhachapori Sanctuaries
India	Magu Thingbu
India	Majuli
India	Mokama Taal (Barah) Wetlands
India	Nalabana Bird Sanctuary (Chilika Lake)
India	Nalsarovar Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Nameri National Park
India	National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary (Agra/Etawah) (part of National Chambal River Gharial Sanctuary AZE)
India	National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary (Bundi/Kota) (part of National Chambal River Gharial Sanctuary AZE)
India	Naya Bandh Wetland Complex
India	Okhla Bird Sanctuary
India	Orang National Park
India	Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary - Zuluk - Bedang Tso - Natula Complex
India	Pani-Dihing Bird Sanctuary
India	Rajaji National Park
India	Samaspur Bird Sanctuary
India	Sanjay Gandhi National Park
India	Subansiri
India	Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (National Park)
India	Tamaranga - Dalani - Bhairab Complex
India	Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary
India	Udhuwa Lake Bird Sanctuary
India	Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary
India	Wular Lake and associated marshes
Mongolia	Achit Lake
Mongolia	Airag Lake
Mongolia	Airkhan Lake
Mongolia	Boon Tsagaan Lake
Mongolia	Buir Lake
Mongolia	Darkhad Depression
Mongolia	Jargalant Khairkhan Mountain
Mongolia	Khan Khentii SPA
Mongolia	Khangain Nuruu National Park
Mongolia	Khar Lake
Mongolia	Khar Us Lake
Mongolia	Khomiin Tal
Mongolia	Khovsgol Lake
Mongolia	Ogii Lake
Mongolia	Onon-Balj
Mongolia	Orog Lake
Mongolia	Santmargatsyn Bayan Lake
Mongolia	Sharga Lake
Mongolia	Taatsiin Tsagaan Lake
Mongolia	Taigam Lake
Mongolia	Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake
Mongolia	Teshigiin Olon Lakes
Mongolia	Tolbo Lake
Mongolia	Uureg Lake
Mongolia	Uvs Lake
Mongolia	Uvsiin Khar Lake
Myanmar	Indawgyi Lake and Indawgyi River
Nepal	Annapurna Conservation Area
Nepal	Barandabhar forests and wetlands
Nepal	Bardia National Park
Nepal	Chitwan National Park
Nepal	Farmlands in Lumbini area
Nepal	Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and Koshi Barrage
Nepal	Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve
Pakistan	Drigh Wildlife Sanctuary
Pakistan	Haleji Wildlife Sanctuary
Pakistan	Indus Dolphin Reserve and Kandhkot wetlands
Pakistan	Indus Waterfowl Refuge
Pakistan	Jubo Ramsar Site
Pakistan	Kirthar National Park (including Hub Dam)
Pakistan	Lal Sohanra National Park
Pakistan	Manchar Lake
Pakistan	Mehboob Shah Lake
Pakistan	Nara canal wetlands (including Soonhari, Sadhori and Sanghriaro lakes)
Pakistan	Phoosna Wetlands Complex
Pakistan	Pugri Lake
Pakistan	Rangla wetland complex
Pakistan	Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary
Pakistan	Ucchali Wetland Complex
Russia (Asian)	Argun' river
Russia (Asian)	Northern slope of Khamar-Daban mountains
Russia (Asian)	Ol'khon area
Russia (Asian)	Oruku-Shina
Russia (Asian)	Torey lakes (including Daursky Nature Reserve)
Tajikistan	Dashtidjum
Tajikistan	Ishkashim
Uzbekistan	Kagan Fish Farm
Uzbekistan	Tuzkan Lake

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	major	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	major	breeding
Altitude	0 - 5000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 5200 m

Threats & impact

Threat (level 1)

Threat (level 2)

Impact and Stresses

Residential & commercial development

Housing & urban areas

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Future

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 3

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Agriculture & Aquaculture

Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Biological resource use

Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Biological resource use

Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Indirect ecosystem effects

Biological resource use

Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Human intrusions & disturbance

Work & other activities

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Species disturbance

Natural system modifications

Dams & water management/use / Large dams

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Pollution

Industrial & military effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Pollution

Agricultural & forestry effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Climate change & severe weather

Droughts

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Future

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Utilisation

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	International	Trivial	Recent

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Haliaeetus leucoryphus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/05/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/05/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife

To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.

Key facts
Current IUCN Red List category	Vulnerable
Family	Accipitridae (Osprey, kites, hawks and eagles)
Species name author	(Pallas, 1771)
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals
Population trend	Decreasing
Distribution size (breeding/resident)	3,130,000 km²
Country endemic?	No
Links to further information
- Summary information on this species