IUCN Red List Criteria
| Critically Endangered |
C2a(ii) |
| Endangered |
C2a(i,ii);D |
| Vulnerable |
C2a(i,ii);D1 |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2010 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2009 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2008 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2004 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2000 |
Critically Endangered |
| 1996 |
Critically Endangered |
| 1994 |
Critically Endangered |
| 1988 |
Threatened |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
shelf island
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
40,700 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
11-100 |
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
240 |
medium |
Estimated |
2010 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
poor |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
240 |
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
17.1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The current population is thought to be around 120 breeding pairs, equating to 240 mature individuals and roughly 360 individuals in total (R. Watson in litt. 2010). |
Trend justification: Recent evidence has suggested that the population is stable, and may have been stable for some time (Johnson et al. 2009, R. Watson in litt. 2010). However, the southern portion of the species's range appears to have contracted and it has disappeared from some areas since 2005/2006 (L.-A. Rene de Roland in litt. 2011). These observations add weight to the suspicion that the species's population is negatively affected by the on-going threats of habitat conversion and persecution. On this basis it is suspected to be undergoing a moderate decline.
|
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Madagascar |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Mauritius |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Madagascar |
Ambavanankarana wetlands |
 |
| Madagascar |
Ampasindava Wetlands and Forest Complex |
|
| Madagascar |
Ankarafantsika National Park and Ampijoroa Forestry Station |
|
| Madagascar |
Ankarana Special Reserve |
|
| Madagascar |
Ankobohobo wetlands |
|
| Madagascar |
Baly Bay National Park |
|
| Madagascar |
Bemamba Wetland Complex |
|
| Madagascar |
Bombetoka Bay and Marovoay wetlands |
|
| Madagascar |
Cape Anorontany archipelago |
|
| Madagascar |
Cape Saint André Forest and Wetlands |
|
| Madagascar |
Loza Bay wetlands |
|
| Madagascar |
Maevatanana - Ambato-Boeni wetlands |
|
| Madagascar |
Mahajamba Bay wetlands |
|
| Madagascar |
Mahavavy Kinkony Wetland |
|
| Madagascar |
Manambolomaty wetland complex and Tsimembo Classified Forest |
|
| Madagascar |
Mangoky - Ankazoabo Forest SAPM |
|
| Madagascar |
Mitsio archipelago |
|
| Madagascar |
Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Special Reserve |
|
| Madagascar |
Nosy Be and satellite islands |
|
| Madagascar |
Sahamalaza-Iles Radama (Sahamalaza Bay wetlands IBA) |
|
| Madagascar |
Tambohorano wetland Complex |
|
| Madagascar |
Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park (Bemaraha Tsingy National Park and Strict Nature Reserve IBA) |
|
| Madagascar |
Wetlands of the Tsiribihina delta and upper Tsiribihina river |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Forest |
Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands |
major |
resident |
| Marine Intertidal |
Rocky Shoreline |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Estuaries |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 1200 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Persecution/control |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Work & other activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
No decline |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Trivial |
Recent |
| Medicine |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Haliaeetus vociferoides. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 21/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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