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Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus
IUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Least Concern |
| 2009 | Least Concern |
| 2008 | Least Concern |
| 2004 | Least Concern |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 516,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 30,200,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | Estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | Unknown | - | ||
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 11.3 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.610,000-1,500,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2006), while national population estimates include: c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in China; c.10,000-1 million breeding pairs and > c.1,000 individuals on migration in Taiwan and < c.100 breeding pairs and < c.50 individuals on migration in Japan (Brazil 2009). | ||||
| Trend justification: The overall population trend is uncertain, as some populations are decreasing, while others are increasing or have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2006). | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Antigua and Barbuda | Native | No | |||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | Native | No | |||
| Australia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bahamas | Native | No | |||
| Bahrain | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Barbados | Native | No | |||
| Belize | Native | No | |||
| Benin | Unknown | No | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | Native | No | |||
| Brunei | Native | No | |||
| Cambodia | Native | No | |||
| Canada | Native | No | |||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Native | No | |||
| Chile | Vagrant | No | |||
| China (mainland) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Christmas Island (to Australia) | Unknown | No | |||
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Colombia | Native | No | |||
| Comoros | Native | No | |||
| Costa Rica | Native | No | |||
| Cuba | Native | No | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | Native | No | |||
| Denmark | Vagrant | No | |||
| Djibouti | Native | No | |||
| Dominica | Native | No | |||
| Dominican Republic | Native | No | |||
| Ecuador | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Egypt | Native | No | |||
| El Salvador | Native | No | |||
| Equatorial Guinea | Native | No | |||
| Eritrea | Native | No | |||
| Fiji | Native | No | |||
| French Southern Territories | Unknown | No | |||
| Gambia | Unknown | No | |||
| Ghana | Vagrant | No | |||
| Greece | Vagrant | No | |||
| Grenada | Native | No | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Guatemala | Unknown | No | |||
| Guinea | Unknown | No | |||
| Guinea-Bissau | Native | No | |||
| Guyana | Native | No | |||
| Haiti | Native | No | |||
| Honduras | Native | No | |||
| India | Native | No | |||
| Indonesia | Native | No | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Iraq | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Israel | Native | No | |||
| Jamaica | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Japan | Native | No | |||
| Jordan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Kenya | Native | No | |||
| Kuwait | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Liberia | Vagrant | No | |||
| Madagascar | Native | No | |||
| Malaysia | Native | No | |||
| Maldives | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Martinique (to France) | Native | No | |||
| Mauritania | Native | No | |||
| Mauritius | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Mayotte (to France) | Unknown | No | |||
| Mexico | Native | No | |||
| Montserrat (to UK) | Native | No | |||
| Mozambique | Native | No | |||
| Myanmar | Unknown | No | |||
| New Caledonia (to France) | Native | No | |||
| New Zealand | Vagrant | No | |||
| Nicaragua | Native | No | |||
| Nigeria | Native | No | |||
| Oman | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Pakistan | Native | No | |||
| Palau | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Panama | Native | No | |||
| Papua New Guinea | Native | No | |||
| Philippines | Native | No | |||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | Native | No | |||
| Qatar | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Réunion (to France) | Unknown | No | |||
| Saudi Arabia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | Native | No | |||
| Senegal | Native | No | |||
| Seychelles | Native | No | |||
| Sierra Leone | Unknown | No | |||
| Singapore | Native | No | |||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | Native | No | |||
| Solomon Islands | Native | No | |||
| Somalia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| South Africa | Native | No | |||
| Sri Lanka | Native | No | |||
| St Kitts and Nevis | Native | No | |||
| St Lucia | Native | No | |||
| St Martin (to France) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | Native | No | |||
| Sudan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Taiwan (China) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Tanzania | Native | No | |||
| Thailand | Native | No | |||
| Timor-Leste | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Togo | Native | No | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | Native | No | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| United Kingdom | Vagrant | No | |||
| USA | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Vanuatu | Vagrant | No | |||
| Venezuela | Native | No | |||
| Vietnam | Native | No | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Western Sahara | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Yemen | Native | No | Yes | Yes |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | Dog Island |  |
| Anguilla (to UK) | Sombrero | |
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | San Nicolas Bay Reef Islands | |
| Australia | Cape York to Cape Grenville Islands | |
| Australia | Higginson Island | |
| Australia | Lowendal Islands | |
| Australia | South Barnard Islands | |
| Australia | Stapleton Island | |
| Australia | Three Hummocks Island | |
| Bahamas | Booby Island | |
| Bahamas | Cay Lobos | |
| Bahamas | Cay Sal | |
| Bahamas | Conception Island | |
| Bahamas | Goulding Cay Wild Bird Reserve | |
| Bahamas | Graham's Harbour | |
| Bahamas | Great Isaac Cay | |
| Bahamas | Guana Cays | |
| Bahamas | Low Cay, High Cay and Sandy Hook | |
| Bahamas | North Atlantic Abaco Cays | |
| Bahamas | Peterson Cay National Park | |
| Bahamas | Samana Cay | |
| Bahamas | Tee Cay, Goat Cay and Long Rocks | |
| China (mainland) | Beiji Islands | |
| China (mainland) | Dongtou Islands | |
| China (mainland) | Nanji Islands Nature Reserve | |
| China (mainland) | Taizhou Islands | |
| China (mainland) | Wuyu Dao Island | |
| China (mainland) | Yushan Islands | |
| China (mainland) | Zhongjieshan Islands | |
| Cuba | Gran Humedal del Norte de Ciego de Ávila | |
| Dominica | L'llet | |
| Dominica | Point Des Foux | |
| Dominican Republic | Siete Hermanos Keys | |
| Guadeloupe (to France) | Falaises Nord et Îlet de Vieux-Fort de Marie-Galante | |
| Guadeloupe (to France) | Pointe des Châteaux | |
| Indonesia | Pulau Manuk | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Nakhilu, Morghu and Ummal Karam islands | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Sheedvar island | |
| Jamaica | Morant Cays and Bank | |
| Jamaica | Pedro Cays and Bank | |
| Japan | Yaeyama islands | |
| Martinique (to France) | Îlets et falaises de Sainte Anne | |
| Martinique (to France) | Rocher du Diamant | |
| Nicaragua | Farallones de Cosiguina | |
| Nicaragua | Farallones de Cosiguina - Marine | |
| Oman | Barr al Hikman | |
| Oman | Daymaniyat Islands | |
| Oman | Halaaniyaat Islands | |
| Oman | Masirah island | |
| Oman | Musandam islands | |
| Panama | Frailes del Sur Islands | |
| Saudi Arabia | Farasan Islands | |
| Saudi Arabia | Gulf coral islands | |
| Saudi Arabia | Gulf of Salwah | |
| Saudi Arabia | Tarut Bay | |
| Somalia | Jasiira Ceebaad and Jasiira Sacaada Diin | |
| St Kitts and Nevis | Booby Island | |
| St Lucia | Point Sables | |
| Taiwan (China) | Cat Islet Seabird Refuge, Penghu County Refuge | |
| Taiwan (China) | Matsu (Mazu) Islands Tern Refuge | |
| Taiwan (China) | Northern Sea Islets | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Little Tobago Island | |
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | Caicos Bank Southern Cays | |
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | Turks Bank Seabird Cays | |
| United Arab Emirates | Islands off Sir Bani Yas island | |
| United Arab Emirates | Umm Amin | |
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | Saba Island and Cays | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 50 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Sterna anaethetus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 24/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 24/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Least Concern |
| Family | Laridae (Gulls and terns) |
| Species name author | Scopoli, 1786 |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Unknown |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 516,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
|
- Summary information on this species - Climate change species distributions | |
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