IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) |
C1+2a(ii) |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Near Threatened |
| 2008 |
Near Threatened |
| 2006 |
Near Threatened |
| 2004 |
Near Threatened |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
full migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
continent
|
Average mass |
164 g
|
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
9,720,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
10000-17000 |
medium |
Estimated |
2002 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
11 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: There are 7,000-13,000 in West and Central Africa and 8,000-12,000 in East Africa and South Africa (T. Dodman in litt. 2002), giving a total of 15,000-25,000 individuals, roughly equivalent to 10,000-17,000 mature individuals. |
|
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline owing to wetland habitat degradation, over-exploitation and human disturbance. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Angola |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Benin |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Botswana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Burkina Faso |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Burundi |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cameroon |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Côte d'Ivoire |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Central African Republic |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Chad |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Congo |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Egypt |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Equatorial Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Eritrea |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Ethiopia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Gabon |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Gambia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Ghana |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Israel |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Kenya |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Liberia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Malawi |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Mali |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mauritania |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Mozambique |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Namibia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Niger |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Nigeria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Rwanda |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Senegal |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Sierra Leone |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Somalia |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| South Africa |
Vagrant |
Yes |
|
Yes |
|
| South Sudan |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Sudan |
Native |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
| Tanzania |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Togo |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Uganda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Yemen |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Zambia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Zimbabwe |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Botswana |
Okavango Delta |
 |
| Burundi |
Rusizi National Park |
|
| Congo |
Lake Te'le' Community Reserve |
|
| Ethiopia |
Lake Turkana and Omo delta |
|
| Gabon |
Akanda |
|
| Gabon |
Ogooué delta and Mandji island |
|
| Malawi |
Lake Chilwa and flood-plain |
|
| Tanzania |
Katavi National Park |
|
| Tanzania |
Kilombero Valley |
|
| Tanzania |
Lake Rukwa |
|
| Tanzania |
Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir |
|
| Uganda |
Murchison Falls National Park |
|
| Uganda |
Queen Elizabeth National Park and Lake George |
|
| Zambia |
Kafue Flats |
|
| Zambia |
Simungoma |
|
| Zambia |
South Luangwa National Park |
|
| Zambia |
Sumbu National Park and Tondwa Game Management Area |
|
| Zimbabwe |
Middle Zambezi Valley |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Coastal Freshwater Lakes |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Coastal Freshwater Lakes |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
major |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
major |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes |
suitable |
breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 1800 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Transportation & service corridors |
Shipping lanes |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Recreational activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Work & other activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Natural system modifications |
Dams & water management/use / Dams (size unknown) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Domestic Cow (Bos taurus) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Unspecified fish |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Herbicides and pesticides |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Soil erosion, sedimentation |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Pollution |
Industrial & military effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Species mortality |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Eggs |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Rynchops flavirostris. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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