IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Least Concern |
| 2009 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Least Concern |
| 2004 |
Least Concern |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
16,300,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
poor |
Estimated |
2009 |
| Population trend |
Unknown |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Trend justification: The population trend is difficult to determine because of uncertainty over the impacts of habitat modification on population sizes. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Angola |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bahrain |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Benin |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Botswana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Burkina Faso |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Burundi |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cameroon |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Côte d'Ivoire |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Central African Republic |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Chad |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Congo |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cyprus |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Djibouti |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Egypt |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Eritrea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Ethiopia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| France |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Gabon |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Gambia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Ghana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Greece |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Israel |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Kenya |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Lesotho |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Liberia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Madagascar |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Malawi |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mali |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mauritania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mozambique |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Namibia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Niger |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Nigeria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Rwanda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Senegal |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Sierra Leone |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Somalia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| South Africa |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| South Sudan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Spain |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| St Helena (to UK) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Sudan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Swaziland |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Tanzania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Togo |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Uganda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| United Arab Emirates |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Zambia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Zimbabwe |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Egypt |
Lake Manzala |
 |
| Egypt |
Wadi El Natrun |
|
| Ethiopia |
Abijatta - Shalla Lakes National Park |
|
| Ghana |
Keta Lagoon Ramsar Site |
|
| Kenya |
Lake Turkana |
|
| Mali |
Lac Débo - Lac Oualado Débo |
|
| South Africa |
Lower Berg river wetlands |
|
| South Africa |
West Coast National Park and Saldanha Bay islands |
|
| Tanzania |
Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir |
|
| Zambia |
Bangweulu Swamps |
|
| Zambia |
Kafue Flats |
|
| Zimbabwe |
Robert McIlwaine Recreational Park |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine |
Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Pastureland |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Urban Areas |
suitable |
resident |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical Dry |
suitable |
resident |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal |
Coastal Freshwater Lakes |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Intertidal |
Mud Flats and Salt Flats |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Intertidal |
Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Intertidal |
Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc |
suitable |
resident |
| Marine Neritic |
Estuaries |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks |
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Residential & commercial development |
Commercial & industrial areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Residential & commercial development |
Housing & urban areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Transportation & service corridors |
Roads & railroads |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Recreational activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Natural system modifications |
Dams & water management/use / Abstraction of ground water (unknown use) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Natural system modifications |
Other ecosystem modifications |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Avian Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Avian Malaria (Plasmodium relictum) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Charadrius pecuarius. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 23/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 23/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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