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Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus
IUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Least Concern |
| 2009 | Least Concern |
| 2008 | Least Concern |
| 2004 | Least Concern |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | 459 g |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 14,100,000 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) | 16,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | Estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | - | ||
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 10.5 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: It has a large global population estimated to number 130,000-310,000 individuals. The European population is estimated at 46,000-78,000 pairs. | ||||
| Trend justification: The overall population trend is decreasing, although some populations have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2006), and in Europe, trends since 1996 show that populations have undergone a moderate increase (p<0.05), based on provisional data for 21 countries from the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (EBCC/RSPB/BirdLife/Statistics Netherlands; P. Vorisek in litt. 2008). | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Albania | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Algeria | Native | No | |||
| Armenia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Austria | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Azerbaijan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bahrain | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bangladesh | Native | No | |||
| Belarus | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Belgium | Vagrant | No | |||
| Bhutan | Native | No | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bulgaria | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Cambodia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| China (mainland) | Native | No | |||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | Vagrant | No | |||
| Croatia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Cyprus | Native | No | |||
| Czech Republic | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Denmark | Vagrant | No | |||
| Djibouti | Native | No | |||
| Egypt | Native | No | |||
| Eritrea | Native | No | |||
| Estonia | Vagrant | No | |||
| Ethiopia | Native | No | |||
| Finland | Vagrant | No | |||
| France | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Georgia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Germany | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Gibraltar (to UK) | Native | No | |||
| Greece | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Guinea | Native | No | |||
| Hungary | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Iceland | Vagrant | No | |||
| India | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Iraq | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Ireland | Vagrant | No | |||
| Israel | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Italy | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Jordan | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Kazakhstan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Kenya | Native | No | |||
| Kuwait | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Native | No | |||
| Laos | Vagrant | No | |||
| Lebanon | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Libya | Native | No | |||
| Liechtenstein | Vagrant | No | |||
| Lithuania | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Luxembourg | Vagrant | No | |||
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Mali | Native | No | |||
| Malta | Native | No | |||
| Mauritania | Native | No | |||
| Moldova | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Montenegro | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Morocco | Native | No | |||
| Myanmar | Native | No | |||
| Nepal | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Netherlands | Vagrant | No | |||
| Niger | Vagrant | No | |||
| Nigeria | Vagrant | No | |||
| Norway | Vagrant | No | |||
| Oman | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Pakistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Palestinian Authority Territories | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Poland | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Portugal | Native | No | |||
| Qatar | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Romania | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | Vagrant | No | |||
| Russia (European) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Saudi Arabia | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Senegal | Native | No | |||
| Serbia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Sierra Leone | Vagrant | No | |||
| Slovakia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Slovenia | Native | Yes | Yes | ||
| Somalia | Vagrant | No | |||
| Spain | Native | No | |||
| Sri Lanka | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Sudan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Sweden | Vagrant | No | |||
| Switzerland | Native | No | |||
| Syria | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Tajikistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Tanzania | Native | No | |||
| Thailand | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Tunisia | Native | No | |||
| Turkey | Native | No | |||
| Turkmenistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Uganda | Native | No | |||
| Ukraine | Native | No | Yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | Native | No | Yes | Yes | |
| United Kingdom | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Uzbekistan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Vietnam | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Western Sahara | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Yemen | Native | No | Yes | Yes |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | Central Marchfeld |  |
| Austria | Steinfeld | |
| Bulgaria | Arda Bridge | |
| Bulgaria | Kaliakra | |
| Bulgaria | Rayanovtsi | |
| Bulgaria | Sakar | |
| Bulgaria | Straldzha Complex | |
| Bulgaria | Studen Kladenets | |
| Bulgaria | Western Strandzha | |
| Cyprus | Akrotiri Peninsula - Episkopi Cliffs | |
| Cyprus | Larnaca salt-lakes | |
| Cyprus | Pafos plain | |
| Cyprus | Xeros Valley - Asprokremmos dam | |
| France | Basse Vallée du Doubs : Dole Sud | |
| France | Boucle de Moisson | |
| France | Boucle de Pose et de Muids | |
| France | Brenne centrale | |
| France | Crau | |
| France | Gorges de la Dourbie et causses avoisinants | |
| France | Mars sur Allier | |
| France | Massif du Petit Lubéron | |
| France | Parc National des Cévennes | |
| France | Petite Beauce | |
| France | Plaine calcaire du sud Vendée | |
| France | Plaine de Niort (nord-ouest) | |
| France | Plaine de Niort (sud-est) | |
| France | Plaine de Villefagnan | |
| France | Plaine du Forez | |
| France | Plaines de Mirebeau et de Neuville-du-Poitou | |
| France | Plaines de Saint-Jouin de Marne et d'Assais-les-Jumeaux | |
| France | Plateau de Valensole | |
| France | Sologne Bourbonnaise | |
| France | Val d'Allier : Saint-Yorre-Joze | |
| France | Val d'Allier Bourbonnais | |
| France | Vallée de l'Aube, de la Superbe et Marigny | |
| France | Vallée de la Conie et Beauce centrale | |
| France | Vallée de la Loire : La Charité-sur-Loire | |
| France | Zones agricoles de la Hardt | |
| Greece | Amvrakikos gulf | |
| Greece | Lake Mitrikou (Ismarida) | |
| Greece | Lakes Khortaro and Alyki, Moudros gulf, Diapori fen, and Fakos peninsula | |
| Greece | Mesolongi and Aetoliko lagoons, and Acheloos and Evinos estuaries | |
| Greece | Mount Falakro | |
| Greece | Nestou delta and coastal lagoons | |
| Greece | Porto Lagos, Lake Vistonis, and coastal lagoons (Lakes of Thrace) | |
| Hungary | Alkaline lakes of Kiskunság | |
| Hungary | Alkaline pusztas of Upper Kiskunság | |
| Hungary | Cserebökény Pusztas of Szentes | |
| Hungary | Gerje-sik | |
| Hungary | Heves Plain | |
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | Pelagonia | |
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | River Topolka-river Babuna-river Bregalnica | |
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | River Zletovska valley | |
| Portugal | Albufeira do Caia | |
| Portugal | Alter do Chão | |
| Portugal | Campo Maior | |
| Portugal | Castro Marim | |
| Portugal | Castro Verde plains | |
| Portugal | Côa valley | |
| Portugal | Mourão, Moura e Barrancos | |
| Portugal | Serra de Penha Garcia e Campina de Toulões | |
| Portugal | Vila Fernando | |
| Romania | Aliman - Adamclisi | |
| Romania | Beştepe - Mahmudia | |
| Romania | Danube Delta | |
| Romania | Dealurile Dorobanţu | |
| Romania | Dobrogei gorge | |
| Romania | Dunăre - Canarale - Hârşova | |
| Romania | Hagieni forest | |
| Romania | Măcin - Niculiţel | |
| Romania | Olt valley | |
| Romania | Stepa Casimcea | |
| Russia (European) | Dono-Archedinskiye sands | |
| Russia (European) | Sostinskiye lakes | |
| Russia (European) | Tsimlyanskiye sands | |
| Spain | Altos de Barahona high moor | |
| Spain | Belchite-Mediana | |
| Spain | Bienvenida-Usagre-Ribera del Fresno | |
| Spain | Blancas-Torralba de los Sisones | |
| Spain | Carrión-Frómista | |
| Spain | Córdoba countryside | |
| Spain | Coast between Corralejo and Tostón | |
| Spain | Coastal cliffs between Cape Enderrocat and Cala Pí | |
| Spain | Cogul-Alfés steppes | |
| Spain | Cuchillete de Buenavista-gully of La Torre-Los Alares | |
| Spain | El Médano coast | |
| Spain | El Valle, Altaona and Escalona mountains | |
| Spain | Famara sandy plain | |
| Spain | Guadalentín saltmarshes | |
| Spain | Gully of Ajuí-Betancuria | |
| Spain | Hoya de Baza | |
| Spain | Hoya de Guadix | |
| Spain | Isla Cristina and Ayamonte marshes and Prado lagoon | |
| Spain | Isthmus of Jandía sandy plain | |
| Spain | La Limia | |
| Spain | La Serena | |
| Spain | Lajares sandy plain-Cotillo-Ezquinzo | |
| Spain | Lerida steppes | |
| Spain | Monegrillo-Pina steppe area-Pina | |
| Spain | Plain between Cáceres and Trujillo-Aldea del Cano | |
| Spain | Plains of La Corona-Las Honduras | |
| Spain | Puebla de Don Fadrique-Las Cañadas | |
| Spain | Quipar reservoir, Molino mountain range and Cagitán plains | |
| Spain | Sandy plain of Corralejo | |
| Spain | Tabernas desert | |
| Spain | Talamanca-Camarma | |
| Spain | Tierra de Campiñas steppes | |
| Spain | Tierra de Campos steppes | |
| Turkey | Göksu Delta | |
| Turkey | Gediz Delta | |
| Turkey | Kızılırmak Delta | |
| Turkey | Seyhan Delta | |
| United Kingdom | Breckland | |
| United Kingdom | Porton Down | |
| United Kingdom | Salisbury Plain | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 0 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Sport | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Burhinus oedicnemus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Least Concern |
| Family | Burhinidae (Thick-knees) |
| Species name author | (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Decreasing |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 14,100,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
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