IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Least Concern |
| 2009 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Least Concern |
| 2004 |
Least Concern |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
full migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
15,500,000 |
medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) |
29,600,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
poor |
Estimated |
2009 |
| Population trend |
Stable |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
5.2 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.3,100,000-3,600,000 individuals (Wetlands International, 2006), while national population estimates include: c.100,000-1 million breeding pairs, >c.10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in China; c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.1,000-10,000 wintering individuals in Taiwan; c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and c.50-1,000 wintering individuals in Japan and c.10,000-1 million breeding pairs and >c.1,000 individuals on migration in Russia (Brazil 2009). |
|
Trend justification: The overall population trend is stable, although some populations have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2006). |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Afghanistan |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Albania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Algeria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Angola |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Armenia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Australia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Austria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Azerbaijan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bahrain |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Bangladesh |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Barbados |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Belarus |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Belgium |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Benin |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bermuda (to UK) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Bhutan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Botswana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| British Indian Ocean Territory |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Brunei |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Bulgaria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Burkina Faso |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Burundi |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cambodia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cameroon |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Canada |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Cape Verde |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Côte d'Ivoire |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Central African Republic |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Chad |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| China (mainland) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Christmas Island (to Australia) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Comoros |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Congo |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Costa Rica |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Croatia |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Cyprus |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Czech Republic |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Denmark |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Djibouti |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Dominica |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Ecuador |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Egypt |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Equatorial Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Eritrea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Estonia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Ethiopia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Finland |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| France |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Gabon |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Gambia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Georgia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Germany |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Ghana |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Greece |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Guadeloupe (to France) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Guam (to USA) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Guatemala |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Honduras |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Hong Kong (China) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Hungary |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Iceland |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| India |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Indonesia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Iran, Islamic Republic of |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Iraq |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Ireland |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Israel |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Italy |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Japan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Jordan |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Kazakhstan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Kenya |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Kuwait |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Kyrgyzstan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Laos |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Latvia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Lebanon |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Lesotho |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Liberia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Libya |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Liechtenstein |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Lithuania |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Luxembourg |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Madagascar |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Malawi |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Malaysia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Maldives |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mali |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Malta |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Marshall Islands |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Martinique (to France) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Mauritania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mauritius |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Micronesia, Federated States of |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Moldova |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mongolia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Montenegro |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Montserrat (to UK) |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Morocco |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Mozambique |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Myanmar |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Namibia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Nepal |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Nicaragua |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Niger |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Nigeria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| North Korea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Norway |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Oman |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Pakistan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Palau |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Palestinian Authority Territories |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Papua New Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Philippines |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Poland |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Portugal |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Qatar |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Romania |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Russia (Asian) |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Russia (Central Asian) |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Russia (European) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Rwanda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Saudi Arabia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| São Tomé e Príncipe |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Senegal |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Serbia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Seychelles |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Sierra Leone |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Singapore |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Slovakia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Slovenia |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Somalia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| South Africa |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| South Korea |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| South Sudan |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Spain |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Sri Lanka |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| St Kitts and Nevis |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| St Lucia |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| St Vincent and the Grenadines |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Sudan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Swaziland |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Sweden |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| Switzerland |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Syria |
Native |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Taiwan (China) |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Tajikistan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Tanzania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Thailand |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Timor-Leste |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Togo |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Trinidad and Tobago |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
| Tunisia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Turkey |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Turkmenistan |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Uganda |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Ukraine |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
Yes |
| United Arab Emirates |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| United Kingdom |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| USA |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Uzbekistan |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Vietnam |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Western Sahara |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Yemen |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Zambia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Zimbabwe |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Denmark |
Ålvand Klithede and Førby Sø |
 |
| Denmark |
Borris Hede |
 |
| Denmark |
Hanstholm Reservation |
 |
| Denmark |
Kongens Mose and Draved Skov |
 |
| Estonia |
Marimetsa-Õmma |
 |
| Estonia |
Nätsi-Võlla |
 |
| Estonia |
Sirtsi |
 |
| Estonia |
Soomaa |
 |
| Estonia |
Tuhu-Kesu |
 |
| Finland |
Kemihaara (Vuotos) mires and forests |
 |
| Finland |
Kevo |
 |
| Finland |
Kilsiaapa-Ristivuoma |
 |
| Finland |
Lämsänaapa-Sakkala-aapa |
 |
| Finland |
Lätäseno and Jietajoki mires |
 |
| Finland |
Lemmenjoki-Hammastunturi-Pulju |
 |
| Finland |
Litokaira |
 |
| Finland |
Martimoaapa-Lumiaapa-Penikat |
 |
| Finland |
Närängänvaara-Virmajoki-Romevaara |
 |
| Finland |
Olvassuo-Oravisuo-Näätäsuo-Sammakkosuo |
 |
| Finland |
Oulanka-Sukerijärvi |
 |
| Finland |
Oulu region wetlands |
 |
| Finland |
Pallas and Ylläs fjelds |
 |
| Finland |
Pöyrisvuoma mire protection area |
 |
| Finland |
Pomokaira-Koitelaiskaira |
 |
| Finland |
Runkaus-Saariaapa-Tainijärvet |
 |
| Finland |
Saariselkä and Koilliskaira |
 |
| Finland |
Syöte-Salmitunturi |
 |
| Finland |
Veittiaapa-Ristiaapa |
 |
| Greece |
Divari Pilou lagoon (Gialova) |
 |
| Lithuania |
Aukstasis Tyras Telmological Reserve |
 |
| Lithuania |
Cepkeliai Strict Nature Reserve |
 |
| Lithuania |
Kamanos Strict NR |
 |
| Lithuania |
Labanoras Regional Park |
 |
| Lithuania |
Musos tyrelis raised bog with surrounding forest |
 |
| Lithuania |
Reiskiai Telmological Reserve |
 |
| Lithuania |
Zuvintas Biosphere Reserve |
 |
| Romania |
Buhuşu reservoir - Bacău - Tătărăşti |
 |
| Romania |
Câmpia Crişurilor |
 |
| Romania |
Cefa fish-ponds and Radvani wood |
 |
| Romania |
Confluenţa Jiu - Dunăre |
 |
| Romania |
Dealurile Homoroadelor |
 |
| Romania |
Iazurile de pe Văile Ibănesei - Başeului - Podrigăi |
 |
| Romania |
Lacurile Fălticeni |
 |
| Romania |
Maglavit |
 |
| Romania |
Miheşu de Câmpie-Taureni fish-ponds |
 |
| Romania |
Suhaia |
 |
| Russia (Asian) |
Forty islands |
 |
| Russia (Central Asian) |
Basins of the Schuchya and Khadytayakha rivers |
 |
| Russia (Central Asian) |
Lower Ob' |
 |
| Russia (European) |
Koporski Bay |
 |
| Russia (European) |
Lapland Biosphere Reserve |
 |
| Slovenia |
Lake Cerknica |
 |
| Slovenia |
River Drava |
 |
| South Korea |
Cheonsu Bay |
 |
| Sweden |
Dumme mosse |
 |
| Sweden |
Färnebofjärden |
 |
| Sweden |
Florarna |
 |
| Sweden |
Komosse |
 |
| Sweden |
Lake Gammelstadsviken |
 |
| Sweden |
Lake Tjålmejaure-Laisdalen valley |
 |
| Sweden |
Middagsfjället - Dörrshöjden |
 |
| Sweden |
Påkketan |
 |
| Sweden |
River Umeälven delta |
 |
| Sweden |
Stornäset - Hörningsholm |
 |
| Sweden |
Taavavuoma |
 |
| Uganda |
Doho Rice Scheme |
 |
| United Kingdom |
Achanalt Marshes |
 |
| United Kingdom |
Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands |
 |
| United Kingdom |
Grampian Mountains |
 |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine |
Irrigated Land (includes irrigation channels) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine |
Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine |
Wastewater Treatment Areas |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine |
Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Forest |
Boreal |
suitable |
breeding |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Shrubland |
Subarctic |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Scale Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
| Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Scale Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
| Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Avian Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Avian Malaria (Plasmodium relictum) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
| Species mortality |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Other impacts |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Species mortality |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Sport |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Tringa glareola. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.