IUCN Red List Criteria
| Critically Endangered |
|
| Endangered |
|
| Vulnerable |
A4bcd |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Vulnerable |
| 2010 |
Vulnerable |
| 2009 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Least Concern |
| 2004 |
Least Concern |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Near Threatened |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
full migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
continent
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
727,000 |
medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) |
1,450,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
poor |
Estimated |
2012 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
medium |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
10.1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: Wetlands International (2006) estimated the global population at c.38,000 individuals, although recent documented declines mean that the true population size is likely to be smaller, and may not exceed 20,000 individuals (D. Rogers in litt. 2012). As such, the population is estimated to number 20,000-49,999 individuals. National population estimates include: < c.100 breeding pairs and < c.10,000 individuals on migration in China; < c.1,000 individuals on migration and < c.1,000 wintering individuals in Taiwan (China) and c.100-10,000 breeding pairs and c.50-1,000 individuals on migration in Russia (Brazil 2009). |
Trend justification: The species has been declining steadily, at a rate of 2.4% annually in Moreton Bay between 1992 and 2008 (Wilson et al. 2011); c.5% annually in Victoria between 1980 and 2010 (D. Rogers in litt. 2012); by over 65% in Tasmania since the 1950s (Reid and Park 2003); and by 40% across 49 Australian sites between c.1983 and c.2007 (D. Rogers et al. in litt. 2009, Birds Australia in litt. to Garnett et al. 2011). Declines seem equally worrying in North-western Australia (D. Rogers in litt. 2012). Furthermore, the population at Saemangeum has decreased by 32.6% (c.1,800 birds) between 2006 and 2008 due to the reclamation of tidal flats (Moores 2006, Moores et al. in litt. 2008). Although these sites only represent a proportion of the wintering and stopover populations, threats are widespread and are projected to cause population declines in the future (D. Rogers in litt. 2009), hence an overall decline of 30-49% over 30 years (three generations) is precautionarily estimated. Given that more reclamation is proposed within the Yellow Sea,with widespread threats elsewhere on the flyway, it is assumed the declines of 30-49% over 30 years will continue. It is possible that further analysis of available data may reveal even higher rates of decline (D. Rogers in litt. 2009).
|
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Afghanistan |
Unknown |
No |
|
|
|
| Australia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Bangladesh |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Brunei |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| China (mainland) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Fiji |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Guam (to USA) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Hong Kong (China) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Indonesia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Iran, Islamic Republic of |
Vagrant |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Japan |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Malaysia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Micronesia, Federated States of |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Mongolia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| New Zealand |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| North Korea |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Oman |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
Yes |
| Palau |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Papua New Guinea |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Philippines |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Singapore |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| South Korea |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Taiwan (China) |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Thailand |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Timor-Leste |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
| USA |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Vietnam |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Australia |
Adelaide and Mary River Floodplains |
 |
| Australia |
Buckingham Bay |
|
| Australia |
Corner Inlet |
|
| Australia |
Eighty Mile Beach |
|
| Australia |
Great Sandy Strait |
|
| Australia |
Gulf Plains |
|
| Australia |
Hunter Estuary |
|
| Australia |
Milingimbi Islands |
|
| Australia |
Moreton Bay and Pumicestone Passage |
|
| Australia |
Port McArthur Tidal Wetlands System |
|
| Australia |
Repulse Bay to Ince Bay |
|
| Australia |
Roebuck Bay |
|
| Australia |
Shoalwater Bay (Rockhampton) |
|
| Australia |
Western Port |
|
| China (mainland) |
Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve |
|
| China (mainland) |
Shuangtai (Shuangtaizi) Estuary and Inner Gulf of Liaodong |
|
| China (mainland) |
Wenzhou Wan |
|
| China (mainland) |
Yalu Jiang Estuary |
|
| Indonesia |
Sembilang |
|
| Malaysia |
Bako-Buntal Bay |
|
| Malaysia |
Pulau Bruit National Park |
|
| Malaysia |
Sadong-Saribas coast |
|
| North Korea |
Amrok River estuary |
|
| North Korea |
Chongchon River estuary (including Mundok Nature Reserve) |
|
| North Korea |
Chongdan field |
|
| North Korea |
Daedong Bay |
|
| North Korea |
Ongjin Bay |
|
| North Korea |
Sogam-do, Daegam-do, Zung-do, Ae-do and Hyengzedo islands |
|
| Philippines |
Olango Island |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Arkhara lowlands (including Khinganskiy Nature Reserve) |
|
| Russia (Asian) |
Malkachan tundra |
|
| South Korea |
Asan Bay (including Asan-ho lake and Sapgyo-ho lake) |
|
| South Korea |
Dongjin estuary |
|
| South Korea |
Namyang Bay |
|
| South Korea |
Sihwa-ho lake |
|
| South Korea |
Tidal flat area of southern Ganghwa-do island |
|
| South Korea |
Tidal flat area of Yeongjong-do island |
|
| South Korea |
Yubu-do island |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Forest |
Boreal |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Mud Flats and Salt Flats |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal |
Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Estuaries |
major |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
major |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 3 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Numenius madagascariensis. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 25/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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