IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) |
A2bc+3bc+4bc |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Near Threatened |
| 2008 |
Near Threatened |
| 2004 |
Near Threatened |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
continent
|
Average mass |
166 g
|
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
4,230,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
medium |
Estimated |
2004 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
medium |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
3.7 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: Rich et al. (2004) |
|
Trend justification: This species has undergone a large and statistically significant decrease over the last 40 years in North America (-82.4% decline over 40 years, equating to a -35.2% decline per decade; data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Bahamas |
Introduced |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Canada |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| China (mainland) |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| Cuba |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Dominican Republic |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| France |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| Guatemala |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Haiti |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| Italy |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| Mexico |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| New Zealand |
Introduced |
Yes |
|
|
|
| Portugal |
Introduced |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Puerto Rico (to USA) |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| USA |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Virgin Islands (to USA) |
Introduced |
Yes |
Yes |
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Cuba |
Alejandro de Humboldt |
 |
| Cuba |
Alturas de Banao |
|
| Cuba |
Ciénaga de Zapata |
|
| Cuba |
Cienaga de Lanier y Sur de la Isla de la Juventud |
|
| Cuba |
Delta del Cauto |
|
| Cuba |
Delta del Mayarí |
|
| Cuba |
Desembarco del Granma |
|
| Cuba |
Gibara |
|
| Cuba |
Gran Humedal del Norte de Ciego de Ávila |
|
| Cuba |
Hatibonico - Baitiquirí - Imías |
|
| Cuba |
Humedal Sur de Pinar del Río |
|
| Cuba |
Humedal Sur de Sancti Spiritus |
|
| Cuba |
La Mensura |
|
| Cuba |
Limones-Tuabaquey |
|
| Cuba |
Río Máximo |
|
| Cuba |
Siboney - Juticí |
|
| Cuba |
Sierra del Chorrillo |
|
| Cuba |
Sierra del Rosario |
|
| Cuba |
Topes de Collantes |
|
| Haiti |
Aux Diablotins |
|
| USA |
Chinook Fish and Wildlife Area and Chinook Mine |
|
| USA |
Fort Chaffee |
|
| USA |
Goose Pond/Beehunter Marsh Fish and Wildlife Area |
|
| USA |
Lower Rappahannock River |
|
| USA |
Lynnville-Squaw Creek Mine Complex |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
suitable |
resident |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Pastureland |
suitable |
resident |
| Forest |
Temperate |
suitable |
resident |
| Grassland |
Temperate |
suitable |
resident |
| Shrubland |
Temperate |
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 2500 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Livestock farming & ranching / Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Wood & pulp plantations / Agro-industry plantations |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Sport |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Colinus virginianus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 23/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 23/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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