IUCN Red List Criteria
| Critically Endangered |
A4ade |
| Endangered |
A4ade;B2ab(v) |
| Vulnerable |
A4ade;B2ab(v);C1+2a(ii);D2 |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2010 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2009 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2008 |
Critically Endangered |
| 2007 |
Endangered |
| 2005 |
Endangered |
| 2004 |
Endangered |
| 2003 |
Endangered |
| 2000 |
Endangered |
| 1994 |
Not Recognised |
| 1988 |
Not Recognised |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
full migrant |
Forest dependency |
Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
4700 |
medium |
Estimated |
2010 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
medium |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
4700 |
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
28.7 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: Breeding populations are essentially restricted to Gough Island, with a single pair nesting intermittently on Inaccessible Island (ACAP 2009). The annual breeding population is currently estimated to be 1,698 pairs (2010), equivalent to a total population of 7,100 individuals for this biennially breeding species (RSPB unpublished data). This roughly equates to 4,700 mature individuals. |
Trend justification: Recent counts suggest that the population on Gough has decreased by 28% over 46 years, whereas population modelling predicts annual decline rates of 2.9-5.3% (Ryan et al. 2001, Wanless et al. 2009). More recent population modelling, conducted over three generations since 1980, suggests an decline equivalent to a >96% reduction in population size over three generations, since declines began (BirdLife International unpublished data). The rate of ongoing decline is therefore placed here in the band 80-100% over three generations (86 years).
|
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Angola |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Argentina |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Brazil |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Namibia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| South Africa |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| St Helena (to UK) |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Uruguay |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| High Seas |
Atlantic, Southeast 15 - Marine |
 |
| High Seas |
Atlantic, Southeast 16 - Marine |
|
| St Helena (to UK) |
Gough Island |
|
| St Helena (to UK) |
Inaccessible Island |
|
| Uruguay |
Atlantic Ocean and Rio de la Plata mouth |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Marine Neritic |
Macroalgal/Kelp |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Macroalgal/Kelp |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Pelagic |
major |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Pelagic |
major |
breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Seagrass (Submerged) |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Seagrass (Submerged) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Sandy |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Sandy |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Sandy-Mud |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic |
Subtidal Sandy-Mud |
suitable |
breeding |
| Marine Oceanic |
Epipelagic (0-200m) |
major |
non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic |
Epipelagic (0-200m) |
major |
breeding |
| Shrubland |
Temperate |
major |
breeding |
|
Altitude
|
400 - 700 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Very Rapid Declines |
High Impact: 8 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Unlikely to Return |
Majority (50-90%) |
Rapid Declines |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Domestic Pig (Sus domesticus) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / House Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Whole (>90%) |
Rapid Declines |
High Impact: 8 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Unspecified rats (Rattus spp.) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Whole (>90%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Storms & flooding |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Past, Likely to Return |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Past Impact |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Diomedea dabbenena. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 24/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 24/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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