IUCN Red List Criteria
| Critically Endangered |
|
| Endangered |
A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i) |
| Vulnerable |
A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i) |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Endangered |
| 2009 |
Endangered |
| 2008 |
Vulnerable |
| 2004 |
Vulnerable |
| 2000 |
Vulnerable |
| 1996 |
Vulnerable |
| 1994 |
Vulnerable |
| 1988 |
Threatened |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
not a migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
continent
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
33,600 |
medium |
| Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km2) |
234,000 |
medium |
| Number of locations |
11-100 |
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
600-1700 |
poor |
Suspected |
2009 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
poor |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
2-100 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
50-249 |
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
10.4 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The species appears to have declined dramatically and is now known from comparatively few sites, occurring at low densities everywhere. The population may now number as low as 1,000 individuals (J. C. Eames in litt. 2007), and so is placed in the band 1,000-2,499 individuals. This equates to 667-1,666 mature individuals, rounded here to 600-1,700 mature individuals. |
|
Trend justification: Very rapid declines are suspected over the past three generations in this long-lived species. Habitat conversion has been a major threat over the period with riverine systems amongst the most disturbed and most degraded environments in South-East Asia. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Bangladesh |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Cambodia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| India |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Indonesia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Laos |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Malaysia |
Native |
No |
|
Yes |
|
| Myanmar |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Singapore |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Thailand |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Vietnam |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Bangladesh |
Sunderbans (East, South, West Wildlife Sanctuaries) |
 |
| Cambodia |
Boeung Chhmar / Moat Khla |
|
| Cambodia |
Lomphat |
|
| Cambodia |
Prek Toal |
|
| Cambodia |
Upper Srepok Catchment |
|
| India |
Dum Duma-Dangori - Kumsong Reserve Forests |
|
| India |
Inner Line, Kathakal and Barak Reserve Forests |
|
| India |
Manabum and Tengapani Reserve Forests |
|
| India |
Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (National Park) |
|
| India |
Tirap - Burhidihing |
|
| India |
Upper Dihing (East) Complex |
|
| Indonesia |
Batang Gadis |
|
| Indonesia |
Gunung Leuser |
|
| Indonesia |
Kerinci Seblat |
|
| Indonesia |
Pulau Rambut |
|
| Indonesia |
Siak Kecil |
|
| Indonesia |
Way Kambas |
|
| Laos |
Dong Khanthung |
|
| Laos |
Upper Xe Khaman |
|
| Laos |
Xe Pian |
|
| Malaysia |
Belum-Temenggor |
|
| Malaysia |
Central Titiwangsa Range |
|
| Malaysia |
Endau-Rompin |
|
| Malaysia |
Krau Wildlife Reserve |
|
| Malaysia |
Matang coast |
|
| Malaysia |
North-central Selangor coast |
|
| Malaysia |
Sadong-Saribas coast |
|
| Malaysia |
South-East Pahang peat swamp forest |
|
| Malaysia |
Taman Negara National Park |
|
| Malaysia |
Ulu Muda |
|
| Myanmar |
Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| Myanmar |
Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| Myanmar |
Tanai River |
|
| Thailand |
Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary and Bang Lang National Park |
|
| Thailand |
Na Muang Krabi |
|
| Thailand |
Pa Phru To Daeng (HRH Princess Sirindhorn Wildlife Sanctuary) |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Forest |
Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
resident |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) |
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 1220 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Residential & commercial development |
Housing & urban areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Marine & freshwater aquaculture / Industrial aquaculture |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Transportation & service corridors |
Shipping lanes |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (large scale) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Work & other activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Natural system modifications |
Dams & water management/use / Dams (size unknown) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Rapid Declines |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Pollution |
Industrial & military effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Heliopais personatus. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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