Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) - BirdLife species factsheet

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Black-necked Crane Grus nigricollis

IUCN Red List Criteria

Critically Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable	C2a(ii)

IUCN Red List history

Year	Category
2012	Vulnerable
2009	Vulnerable
2008	Vulnerable
2006	Vulnerable
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Species attributes

Migratory status	altitudinal migrant	Forest dependency	Does not normally occur in forest
Land mass type	continent	Average mass	-

Distribution

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km²)	64,100	medium
Extent of Occurrence non-breeding (km²)	64,100	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Fragmentation		-

Population & trend

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
No. of mature individuals	6600	medium	Estimated	2012
Population trend	Decreasing	poor		-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Largest subpopulation	6600	-	-	-
Generation length (yrs)	13	-	-	-
Population justification: The global population is estimated at c.10,070-10,970 individuals in total, probably including c.6,600 mature individuals (J. Harris in litt. 2012).
Trend justification: This species's population is presumed to have decreased in line with levels of grassland degradation (owing to intensive grazing and pesticide use) and drying up of marshes (due to increased extraction and desertification), and changing agricultural techniques that have reduced the availability of grain in cultivated areas. Recent increases appear to be genuine, but may possibly be a result of more thorough surveys and perhaps an increased concentration of birds at fewer sites.

Country/Territory distribution

Country/Territory	Occurrence status	Extinct	Non-breeding
Bhutan	Native	No	Yes
China (mainland)	Native	No
India	Native	No
Nepal	Vagrant	No	Yes
Vietnam	Native	No

Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria

Country/Territory	IBA Name	IBA link
Bhutan	Bumdelling Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhutan	Bumthang wetlands
Bhutan	Phopjika and Khatekha valleys
China (mainland)	Aksayqin Hu and alpine grassland
China (mainland)	Aqqik Kol and alpine grassland
China (mainland)	Area between Qinghai Hu and A'nyêmaqên
China (mainland)	Ayark Kol and alpine grassland
China (mainland)	Bangong Co
China (mainland)	Cao Hai Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Changshagongma Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Changtang plateau
China (mainland)	Damxung
China (mainland)	Dashanbao Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Dunhuang Nature Reserve and Western Qilian Shan mountains
China (mainland)	Eastern Qilian Shan mountains
China (mainland)	Ganligahai-Zecha Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Haizishan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Heishuihe Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Henghe Liangzi
China (mainland)	Huang He Shouqu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Huize Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Jingyu Hu
China (mainland)	Karze Reservoir
China (mainland)	Kasha Hu Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Labahe Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Lashi Hai
China (mainland)	Lugu Hu
China (mainland)	Mamize Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Nagpag Co (Napa Hai) Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Nam Co
China (mainland)	Qinghai Hu (Koko Nor)
China (mainland)	Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Siling Co Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Wulianfeng
China (mainland)	Xiaohegou Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yamdrok Co
China (mainland)	Yarlong Zangpo Middle Reaches Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve
China (mainland)	Yongshan Maolin
China (mainland)	Zoigê (Ruo'ergai) Marshes
India	Buxa Tiger Reserve (National Park)
India	Chushul marshes
India	Hanle Plains (Hanle River marshes)
India	Lhonak Valley
India	Pangong Tso
India	Sangti Valley
India	Tso Kar Basin
India	Tso Lhamo Plateau - Lashar - Sebu La - Yumesamdong Complex
India	Tso Morari Lake and adjacent marshes
India	Zemithang - Nelya

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	major	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	suitable	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	major	non-breeding
Altitude	2100 - 4900 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 1375 m

Threats & impact

Threat (level 1)

Threat (level 2)

Impact and Stresses

Residential & commercial development

Housing & urban areas

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Agriculture & Aquaculture

Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Agriculture & Aquaculture

Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Scale Unknown/Unrecorded

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Agriculture & Aquaculture

Livestock farming & ranching / Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Biological resource use

Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Negligible declines

Low Impact: 4

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Biological resource use

Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Species mortality

Human intrusions & disturbance

Work & other activities

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Species disturbance

Natural system modifications

Other ecosystem modifications

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Causing/Could cause fluct

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
None

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases

Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris)

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
None

Pollution

Agricultural & forestry effluents / Soil erosion, sedimentation

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Unknown

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Pollution

Agricultural & forestry effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Minority (<50%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Low Impact: 5

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Climate change & severe weather

Droughts

Timing

Scope

Severity

Impact

Ongoing

Majority (50-90%)

Slow, Significant Decline

Medium Impact:

Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Utilisation

Purpose	Primary form used	Life stage used	Source	Scale	Level	Timing
Food (human)	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	Subsistence, National	Non-trivial	Recent
Pets	Whole	Adults and juveniles	Wild	International	Trivial	Recent

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Grus nigricollis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife

To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.

Key facts
Current IUCN Red List category	Vulnerable
Family	Gruidae (Cranes)
Species name author	Przevalski, 1876
Population size	6600 mature individuals
Population trend	Decreasing
Distribution size (breeding/resident)	64,100 km²
Country endemic?	No
Links to further information
- Summary information on this species