| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
13000-15000 |
good |
Estimated |
2005 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
medium |
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
2-100 |
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
1001-10000 |
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
15.6 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: There are thought to be 8,000-10,000 individuals in India, Nepal and Pakistan; 800-1,000 in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, 500-800 in Myanmar (unpublished information supplied by Wetlands International Specialist Groups 2006), and in litt. 2005). The population size thus totals 19,000-21,800 individuals, roughly equivalent to 13,000-15,000 mature individuals. |
|
Trend justification: This species's population is suspected to have decreased, owing to the loss and degradation of wetlands, as a result of drainage and conversion to agriculture, ingestion of pesticides, and the hunting of adults and collection of eggs and chicks for trade, food, medicinal purposes and to help limit damage to crops. |
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Australia |
Atherton Tablelands |
 |
| Australia |
Gulf Plains |
|
| Cambodia |
Ang Tropeang Thmor |
|
| Cambodia |
Boeung Prek Lapouv |
|
| Cambodia |
Chhep |
|
| Cambodia |
Kampong Trach |
|
| Cambodia |
Lomphat |
|
| Cambodia |
Mondulkiri / Kratie Lowlands |
|
| Cambodia |
Preah Net Preah / Kra Lanh / Pourk |
|
| Cambodia |
Sre Ambel |
|
| Cambodia |
Stung / Chi Kreng / Kampong Svay |
|
| Cambodia |
Stung Sen / Santuk / Baray |
|
| Cambodia |
Upper Srepok Catchment |
|
| Cambodia |
Upper Stung Sen Catchment |
|
| Cambodia |
Western Siem Pang |
|
| India |
Alniya Dam |
|
| India |
Bagdarrah Closed Area |
|
| India |
Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Bandhavgarh National Park |
|
| India |
Banni Grassland and Chhari Dhand |
|
| India |
Bardha Dam |
|
| India |
Barna Reservoir |
|
| India |
Basai wetlands |
|
| India |
Bhal area |
|
| India |
Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Bhoj wetland |
|
| India |
Corbett Tiger Reserve |
|
| India |
Dibru - Saikhowa Complex |
|
| India |
Dihaila Jheel and other wetlands |
|
| India |
Dudhwa National Park |
|
| India |
Gawana Arain, Mangaliyawas, Ramsar, Goyal, Ratakot, Badar |
|
| India |
Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Halali Reservoir |
|
| India |
Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Kanha National Park |
|
| India |
Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary and Girijapur Barrage |
|
| India |
Kawar or Kabar Lake Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Keoladeo National Park and Ajan Bande |
|
| India |
Khijadiya Lake and Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Kudaiyya marshland |
|
| India |
Kumbalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Kurra Jheel |
|
| India |
Lagga - Bagga Reserve Forest |
|
| India |
Lakh-Bahosi Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Mirgund Jheel and Reserve |
|
| India |
Nalsarovar Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Narora |
|
| India |
National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary (Agra/Etawah) (part of National Chambal River Gharial Sanctuary AZE) |
|
| India |
National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary (Bundi/Kota) (part of National Chambal River Gharial Sanctuary AZE) |
|
| India |
Navegaon National Park |
|
| India |
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Okhla Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Parvati Aranga Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Patna Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Pyagpur and Sitadwar Jheel |
|
| India |
Rampura Grassland |
|
| India |
Ramsagar Lake |
|
| India |
Ranthambore National Park and Tiger Reserve |
|
| India |
Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Sailana Kharmor Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Saman Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Samaspur Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Sandi Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Sareri Bandh |
|
| India |
Sariska Tiger Reserve |
|
| India |
Sarsai Nawar Lake |
|
| India |
Sauj Lake |
|
| India |
Sei Dam reservoir and surrounding environs |
|
| India |
Sheikha Jheel |
|
| India |
Sohagibarwa Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Sonkhaliya Closed Area |
|
| India |
Sultanpur National Park |
|
| India |
Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Surha Tal Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Tadoba National Park and Andhari Tiger Reserve |
|
| India |
Thol Lake Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Udaipur Lakes Complex |
|
| India |
Valmiki Tiger Reserve and Saraiyaman Lake |
|
| India |
Velavadar National Park |
|
| India |
Wetlands of Kheda |
|
| India |
Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| India |
Yeshwantsagar Reservoir |
|
| Laos |
Xe Pian |
|
| Myanmar |
Ayeyarwaddy Delta |
|
| Myanmar |
Indawgyi Lake and Indawgyi River |
|
| Myanmar |
Inle Bird Sanctuary (including Balu Chuang, Sagar and Mobye) |
|
| Myanmar |
Kaladan Estuary |
|
| Myanmar |
Moyingyi Bird Sanctuary |
|
| Myanmar |
Nadi Kan |
|
| Nepal |
Bardia National Park |
|
| Nepal |
Chitwan National Park |
|
| Nepal |
Farmlands in Lumbini area |
|
| Nepal |
Jagdishpur Reservoir |
|
| Nepal |
Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve |
|
| Pakistan |
Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| Philippines |
Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary |
|
| Vietnam |
Kien Luong |
|
| Vietnam |
Lang Sen |
|
| Vietnam |
Tram Chim |
|
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine |
Water Storage Areas (over 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Arable Land |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Pastureland |
suitable |
breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial |
Pastureland |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical Dry |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical Dry |
suitable |
breeding |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Grassland |
Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) |
suitable |
breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) |
Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) |
suitable |
breeding |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 0 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
|
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Residential & commercial development |
Housing & urban areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Transportation & service corridors |
Utility & service lines |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Persecution/control |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Recreational activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Human intrusions & disturbance |
Work & other activities |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Natural system modifications |
Other ecosystem modifications |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Negligible declines |
Low Impact: 4 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Problematic native species/diseases |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
| Pollution |
Agricultural & forestry effluents / Herbicides and pesticides |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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