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White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala
IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) | A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde |
IUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Near Threatened |
| 2008 | Near Threatened |
| 2004 | Near Threatened |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | High |
| Land mass type | shelf island continent |
Average mass | 238 g |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 236,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | medium | Estimated | 2003 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | poor | - | |
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 6 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: Rich et al. (2003) | ||||
| Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline overall owing to ongoing habitat degradation and unsustainable levels of hunting, although the small population in the USA is increasing (based on Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count data: Butcher and Niven 2007). | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Antigua and Barbuda | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bahamas | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Belize | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Colombia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Costa Rica | Vagrant | No | |||
| Cuba | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Dominica | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Dominican Republic | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | Native | No | |||
| Guatemala | Native | No | |||
| Haiti | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Honduras | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Jamaica | Native | No | |||
| Martinique (to France) | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Mexico | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Nicaragua | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Panama | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| St Kitts and Nevis | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| St Lucia | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| St Martin (to France) | Native | No | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Native | No | |||
| USA | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | Native | No | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | Native | No |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Antigua and Barbuda | Christian Valley |  |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Wallings Forest | |
| Bahamas | Booby Rocks and Pirates Bay | |
| Bahamas | Cay Sal | |
| Bahamas | Driggs Hill to Mars Bay | |
| Bahamas | Great Inagua | |
| Bahamas | Grog Pond | |
| Bahamas | Harrold and Wilson Ponds National Park | |
| Bahamas | Lee Stocking Island | |
| Bahamas | Little Abaco | |
| Bahamas | Mangrove Cay | |
| Bahamas | Red Bays | |
| Bahamas | South Tarpum Bay | |
| Bahamas | Tee Cay, Goat Cay and Long Rocks | |
| Belize | Belize Coastal and near shore islands | |
| Belize | Belize Off-shore and Barrier Islands | |
| Belize | Northeastern Belize | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Bluff Forest | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Booby Pond Nature Reserve | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Botanic Park and Salina Reserve | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Central Mangrove Wetland | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Crown Wetlands | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Franklin's Forest | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Mastic Reserve | |
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | Sparrowhawk Hill | |
| Colombia | Reserva de Biósfera Seaflower | |
| Cuba | Alejandro de Humboldt | |
| Cuba | Cayería Centro-Oriental de Villa Clara | |
| Cuba | Cayo Sabinal, Ballenatos y Manglares de la Bahía de Nuevitas | |
| Cuba | Cayos Romano-Cruz-Megano Grande | |
| Cuba | Ciénaga de Zapata | |
| Cuba | Cienaga de Lanier y Sur de la Isla de la Juventud | |
| Cuba | Delta del Cauto | |
| Cuba | Delta del Mayarí | |
| Cuba | Desembarco del Granma | |
| Cuba | Gibara | |
| Cuba | Gran Humedal del Norte de Ciego de Ávila | |
| Cuba | Guanahacabibes | |
| Cuba | Hatibonico - Baitiquirí - Imías | |
| Cuba | Humedal Sur de Pinar del Río | |
| Cuba | Humedal Sur de Sancti Spiritus | |
| Cuba | Las Picuas-Del Cristo Cay | |
| Cuba | Pico Cristal | |
| Cuba | Río Máximo | |
| Cuba | Siboney - Juticí | |
| Cuba | Sierra del Chorrillo | |
| Cuba | Sierra del Rosario | |
| Cuba | Topes de Collantes | |
| Cuba | Turquino-Bayamesa | |
| Dominican Republic | Del Este National Park | |
| Dominican Republic | Jaragua National Park | |
| Haiti | Coquillage–Pointe Est | |
| Haiti | Les Grottes | |
| Honduras | Islas de la Bahía y Cayos Cochinos | |
| Jamaica | Black River Great Morass | |
| Jamaica | Bluefields | |
| Jamaica | Catadupa | |
| Jamaica | Cockpit Country | |
| Jamaica | Dolphin Head | |
| Jamaica | Hellshire Hills | |
| Jamaica | John Crow Mountains | |
| Jamaica | Litchfield Mountain - Matheson's Run | |
| Jamaica | Negril | |
| Jamaica | Portland Ridge and Bight | |
| Jamaica | Yallahs | |
| Panama | Bocas del Toro Archipelago | |
| Panama | Isla Escudo de Veraguas (Escudo de Veraguas Island IBA) | |
| Panama | San San Pond Sak Wetlands | |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | Navassa | |
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | Great Pond | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources / Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Medium Impact: | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
| |||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents / Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Decline | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Sport | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Patagioenas leucocephala. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Near Threatened |
| Family | Columbidae (Doves and pigeons) |
| Species name author | Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Decreasing |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 236,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
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