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closeIUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Least Concern |
| 2009 | Least Concern |
| 2008 | Least Concern |
| 2004 | Least Concern |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 10,000,000 | medium |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | Estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | - | ||
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 3.9 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: Rich et al. (2004) estimated the global population to number 4,000,000 individuals. In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 1,600,000-3,100,000 breeding pairs, equating to 4,800,000-9,300,000 individuals (BirdLife International 2004). Europe forms 25-49% of the global range, so a revised estimate of the global population size is 5,000,000-10,000,000 individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed. | ||||
| Trend justification: This species has suffered a marked decline in all parts of its native range owing to habitat loss and degradation caused by agricultural intensification and loss of insect prey caused by pesticides (del Hoyo et al. 1994). In Europe, trends since 1980 show that populations have undergone a steep decline (p<0.05), based on provisional data for 21 countries from the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (EBCC/RSPB/BirdLife/Statistics Netherlands; P. Vorisek in litt. 2008). | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Andorra | Native | No | |||
| Armenia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Austria | Native | No | |||
| Azerbaijan | Native | No | |||
| Belarus | Native | No | |||
| Belgium | Native | No | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Bulgaria | Native | No | |||
| Canada | Native | No | |||
| China (mainland) | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Croatia | Native | No | |||
| Cyprus | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Czech Republic | Native | No | |||
| Denmark | Native | No | |||
| Estonia | Native | No | |||
| Finland | Native | No | Yes | ||
| France | Native | No | |||
| Germany | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Greece | Native | No | |||
| Hungary | Native | No | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | Native | No | |||
| Ireland | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Italy | Native | No | |||
| Kazakhstan | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Latvia | Native | No | |||
| Liechtenstein | Native | Yes | Yes | ||
| Lithuania | Native | No | |||
| Luxembourg | Native | No | |||
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | Native | No | |||
| Moldova | Native | No | |||
| Montenegro | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Netherlands | Native | No | |||
| New Zealand | Introduced | Yes | Yes | ||
| Norway | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Poland | Native | No | |||
| Portugal | Native | possibly | Yes | ||
| Romania | Native | No | |||
| Russia (Asian) | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | Native | No | |||
| Russia (European) | Native | No | |||
| Serbia | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Slovakia | Native | No | |||
| Slovenia | Native | No | |||
| Spain | Native | No | |||
| Sweden | Native | No | |||
| Switzerland | Native | No | |||
| Turkey | Native | No | |||
| Ukraine | Native | No | |||
| United Kingdom | Native | No | |||
| USA | Introduced | No | Yes | ||
| Uzbekistan | Native | No |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| France | Cirque de Gavarnie |  |
| France | Gorges de la Frau et Belestat | |
| France | Haute Soule : massif de la Pierre-St-Martin. | |
| France | Hautes Vallées d'Aspe et d'Ossau | |
| France | Massif du Canigou-Carança | |
| France | Massif du Madres et Mont Coronat | |
| France | Puig Carlit et environs | |
| France | Vallées du Lis et de la Pique | |
| Spain | Alt Pallars | |
| Spain | Ancares mountains | |
| Spain | Babia-Somiedo | |
| Spain | Belagua-Ansó-Hecho | |
| Spain | Central ranges of the Cantabric mountains | |
| Spain | Cerdaña | |
| Spain | Degaña-Hermo | |
| Spain | Fresser-Setcases | |
| Spain | Fuentes Carrionas | |
| Spain | Gistaín-Cotiella | |
| Spain | Gistreo and Coto mountain ranges | |
| Spain | La Cabrera mountain range | |
| Spain | Montes Aquilanos range | |
| Spain | Muniellos | |
| Spain | Ordesa-Bielsa | |
| Spain | Peña Labra and Cordel mountain ranges | |
| Spain | Picos de Europa mountain range | |
| Spain | Posets-Maladeta | |
| Spain | Riaño | |
| Spain | San Mauricio-Bohí-Beret | |
| Spain | Turbón-Espés-Sis | |
| Spain | Urbión and Cebollera Mountain Ranges | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 0 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Sport | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Perdix perdix. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Least Concern |
| Family | Phasianidae (Grouse, pheasants and partridges) |
| Species name author | (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Decreasing |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 10,000,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
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