email a friend
printable version
closeIUCN Red List history
| Year | Category |
|---|---|
| 2012 | Least Concern |
| 2009 | Least Concern |
| 2008 | Least Concern |
| 2004 | Least Concern |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | Does not normally occur in forest |
| Land mass type | Average mass | - |
Distribution
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) | 150,000 | |
| Number of locations | - | |
| Fragmentation | - |
Population & trend
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of mature individuals | poor | Estimated | 2009 | |
| Population trend | Decreasing | - | ||
| Number of subpopulations | - | - | - | |
| Largest subpopulation | - | - | - | |
| Generation length (yrs) | 3.9 | - | - | - |
| Population justification: The breeding population, which is confined to Europe, is estimated to number 2,000,000-4,500,000 breeding pairs, equating to 6,000,000-13,500,000 individuals (BirdLife International 2004). | ||||
| Trend justification: This species is declining owing to over hunting, loss of habitat caused by urbanisation and agricultural intensification and increased competition and hybridisation with introduced A.graeca and A.chukar (del Hoyo et al. 1994). | ||||
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory | Occurrence status | Extinct | Breeding | Non-breeding | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Introduced | No | Yes | ||
| Andorra | Native | No | |||
| Belgium | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| France | Native | No | |||
| Germany | Native | No | Yes | ||
| Greece | Introduced | No | |||
| Ireland | Introduced | No | Yes | ||
| Italy | Native | No | |||
| Luxembourg | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| Netherlands | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| New Zealand | Introduced | No | Yes | ||
| Portugal | Native | No | |||
| Spain | Native | No | |||
| Switzerland | Vagrant | No | Yes | ||
| United Kingdom | Introduced | No |
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory | IBA Name | IBA link |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | Lerida steppes |  |
| Spain | West Andévalo | |
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) | suitable | resident | |
| Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 2000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Utilisation
| Purpose | Primary form used | Life stage used | Source | Scale | Level | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food (human) | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Pets | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | International | Non-trivial | Recent |
| Sport | Whole | Adults and juveniles | Wild | Subsistence, National | Non-trivial | Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Alectoris rufa. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 24/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 24/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
| Key facts | |
|---|---|
| Current IUCN Red List category | Least Concern |
| Family | Phasianidae (Grouse, pheasants and partridges) |
| Species name author | (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| Population size | mature individuals |
| Population trend | Decreasing |
| Distribution size (breeding/resident) | 150,000 km2 |
| Country endemic? | No |
| Links to further information | |
| - Summary information on this species | |
|
|