IUCN Red List Criteria
| Near Threatened (criteria nearly met) |
A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd |
IUCN Red List history
| Year |
Category |
| 2012 |
Near Threatened |
| 2009 |
Least Concern |
| 2008 |
Least Concern |
| 2004 |
Least Concern |
| 2000 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1994 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| 1988 |
Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Species attributes
| Migratory status |
altitudinal migrant |
Forest dependency |
Low |
| Land mass type |
|
Average mass |
- |
Distribution
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
| Extent of Occurrence breeding/resident (km2) |
538,000 |
|
| Number of locations |
|
- |
| Fragmentation |
|
- |
Population & trend
| |
Estimate |
Data quality |
Derivation |
Year of estimate |
| No. of mature individuals |
|
poor |
Estimated |
2009 |
| Population trend |
Decreasing |
|
|
- |
| Number of subpopulations |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Largest subpopulation |
|
- |
- |
- |
| Generation length (yrs) |
3.9 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Population justification: The breeding population, which is confined to Europe, is estimated to number 40,000-78,000 breeding pairs, equating to 120,000-230,000 individuals (BirdLife International 2004). |
|
Trend justification: The species is suspected to be declining moderately rapidly, particularly in the Balkans, based on a balanced assessment of the available evidence (e.g. Griffin 2011, A. Bernard-Laurent in litt. 2012). The species is declining owing to habitat degradation caused by agricultural intensification and urbanization. It is also declining owing to over-hunting in some areas (del Hoyo et al. 1994). This is reflected in its classification as Threatened or Near Threatened in a number of recently published national Red Data Books (covering c. 70% of the species's global population) in which the species has been classified on the basis of population declines thought to approach or exceed 30% over the last three generations. |
Country/Territory distribution
| Country/Territory |
Occurrence status |
Extinct |
Breeding |
Non-breeding |
Passage |
| Albania |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Austria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Belgium |
Introduced |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Bulgaria |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Croatia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| France |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Germany |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Greece |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Italy |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Lebanon |
Introduced |
No |
|
|
|
| Liechtenstein |
Native |
Yes |
Yes |
|
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Montenegro |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Romania |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Serbia |
Native |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Slovenia |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Spain |
Introduced |
No |
Yes |
|
|
| Switzerland |
Native |
No |
|
|
|
| Turkey |
Vagrant |
No |
|
|
|
Important Bird Areas where this species has triggered the IBA criteria
| Country/Territory |
IBA Name |
IBA link |
| Austria |
Hohe Tauern National Park |
 |
| Bulgaria |
Central Balkan |
|
| Bulgaria |
Dobrostan |
|
| Bulgaria |
Kresna Gorge |
|
| Bulgaria |
Mesta Valley |
|
| Bulgaria |
Osogovo Mountain |
|
| Bulgaria |
Pirin |
|
| Bulgaria |
Western Balkan |
|
| France |
Bec de Crigne |
|
| France |
Haut Giffre |
|
| France |
Les Bauges |
|
| France |
Parc National de la Vanoise |
|
| France |
Parc National des Ecrins |
|
| France |
Parc National du Mercantour |
|
| France |
Vallée du Haut-Guil |
|
| Greece |
Acheron delta and gorge |
|
| Greece |
Akarnanika mountains |
|
| Greece |
Athamanika mountains (Tzoumerka) |
|
| Greece |
Delimidi and Fteri mountains, Agrafa |
|
| Greece |
Lake Distos |
|
| Greece |
Mavrovouni mountain, Larissa |
|
| Greece |
Mount Helmos (Aroania) |
|
| Greece |
Mount Iti |
|
| Greece |
Mount Olympos |
|
| Greece |
Mount Pangaio |
|
| Greece |
Mount Taigetos |
|
| Greece |
Mount Vardousia |
|
| Greece |
Mount Ziria (Killini) |
|
| Greece |
Southern and eastern part of Mount Parnassos |
|
| Greece |
Southern Mani, Mount Sanghias and Cape Tenaro |
|
| Greece |
Timfi (Gamila) and Smolikas mountains |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Demir Kapija Gorge |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Gradsko-Rosoman-Negotino |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Lake Tikvesh |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Mariovo |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
River Pchinja-river Petroshnica-river Kriva Reka |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
River Topolka-river Babuna-river Bregalnica |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Taor Gorge |
|
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of |
Tikvesh Region |
|
| Montenegro |
Lake Skadar |
|
| Serbia |
Kopaonik |
|
| Serbia |
Prokletije |
|
| Serbia |
Sara mountain |
|
| Serbia |
Stara mountain-Vidlic |
|
| Serbia |
Uvac-Milesevka |
|
| Slovenia |
Breginjski Stol |
|
| Slovenia |
Julijci |
|
| Slovenia |
Karst |
|
| Slovenia |
Snežnik plateau and Pivka valley |
|
| Slovenia |
Vipavski rob |
|
| Switzerland |
Aletsch region |
|
| Switzerland |
Bregaglia valley |
|
| Switzerland |
Central Valais between Sierre and Visp |
|
| Switzerland |
Heinzenberg mountain and surrounding valleys |
|
| Switzerland |
Lower Engadine and Swiss National Park |
|
| Switzerland |
Maggia valley |
|
| Switzerland |
Piora - Dötra |
|
| Switzerland |
Pre-alpine region of Pays d'Enhaut |
|
| Switzerland |
Pre-alpine region of Schwyz |
|
| Switzerland |
Simplon region |
|
| Switzerland |
Valley of Zermatt |
|
Habitats & altitude
| Habitat (level 1) |
Habitat (level 2) |
Importance |
Occurrence |
| Forest |
Temperate |
suitable |
resident |
| Shrubland |
Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation |
suitable |
resident |
|
Altitude
|
0 - 2400 m
|
Occasional altitudinal limits
|
(max) 3000 m
|
Threats & impact
| Threat (level 1) |
Threat (level 2) |
Impact and Stresses |
| Residential & commercial development |
Tourism & recreation areas |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species disturbance |
|
| Agriculture & Aquaculture |
Annual & perennial non-timber crops / Agro-industry farming |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion |
|
| Biological resource use |
Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals / Intentional use (species is the target) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Majority (50-90%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Medium Impact: |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Species mortality |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Chukar (Alectoris chukar) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
| Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases |
Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases / Red-legged Partridge (Alectoris rufa) |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Habitat shifting & alteration |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Future |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
|
| Climate change & severe weather |
Storms & flooding |
Timing |
Scope |
Severity |
Impact |
| Ongoing |
Minority (<50%) |
Slow, Significant Decline |
Low Impact: 5 |
| Stresses |
|---|
| Reduced reproductive success |
|
Utilisation
| Purpose |
Primary form used |
Life stage used |
Source |
Scale |
Level |
Timing |
| Food (human) |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Pets |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
International |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
| Sport |
Whole |
Adults and juveniles |
Wild |
Subsistence, National |
Non-trivial |
Recent |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2013) Species factsheet: Alectoris graeca. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/05/2013.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2013) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 20/05/2013.
This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.
To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife
To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums.
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