| 2009 IUCN Red List Category (as evaluated by BirdLife International - the official Red List Authority for birds for IUCN): Least Concern Justification This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population trend appears to be stable, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern. Family/Sub-family Estrildidae Species name author Heuglin, 1863 Taxonomic source(s) BirdLife International Taxonomic note Estrilda paludicola and E. ochrogaster (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) have been lumped into E. paludicola, while retaining E. poliopareia (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), contra Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) who lump all three taxa into E. paludicola. This is because recently published photographic evidence has shown that E. poliopareia has white eyes, unlike all other forms of E. paludicola. This, coupled with plumage and other differences, justifies its recognition as a separate species.
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