| 2009 IUCN Red List Category (as evaluated by BirdLife International - the official Red List Authority for birds for IUCN): Least Concern Justification This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern. Family/Sub-family Columbidae Species name author (Scopoli, 1786) Taxonomic source(s) Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) Taxonomic note Ducula bicolor, D. luctuosa (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) and D. subflavescens (Sibley and Monroe 1993) are retained as separate species. D. spilorrhoa and D. constans (Sibley and Monroe 1993) are lumped into D. spilorrhoa, because Christidis and Boles (1994) do not recognize D. constans (an Australian endemic) as a separate species, including it with spilorrhoa, subflavescens and luctuosa as a subspecies of bicolor.
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