| 2009 IUCN Red List Category (as evaluated by BirdLife International - the official Red List Authority for birds for IUCN): Near Threatened Justification This species has a moderately small population which is suspected to be declining, and it therefore qualifies as Near Threatened.
Family/Sub-family Psittacidae Species name author (Bonaparte, 1853) Taxonomic source(s) AOU checklist (1998 + supplements), SACC (2005 + updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), Stotz et al. (1996) Synonyms Gypopsitta pyrilia BirdLife International (2008), Pionopsitta pyrilia Stotz et al. (1996), Pionopsitta pyrilia Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), Pionopsitta pyrilia AOU checklist (1998 + supplements), Pionopsitta pyrilia BirdLife International (2004), Pionopsitta pyrilia BirdLife International (2000) Taxonomic note Use of the genus Gypopsitta follows SACC (2006).
Identification 24 cm. Striking, green parrot with yellow head. Mostly green with bright yellow head (washed orange behind eye), white orbital patch and dusky lores and nares, yellow shoulders, blackish primaries, red carpal area and underwing-coverts, brown breast-band, red flanks, yellow thighs and green tail with dusky blue tip. Immature has green head, shoulders and carpal area. Similar spp. Adult Brown-hooded Parrot P. haematotis lacks yellow head and immature has dull brown on crown. Sympatric Pionus spp. are larger, have a different flight action, red undertail-coverts and lack the yellow head. Voice Reedy cheweek.
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Population estimate | Population trend | Range estimate (breeding/resident) | Country endemic? | 7,000 | decreasing | 153,000 km2 | No |
Range & population Gypopsitta pyrilia occurs in east Darién, Panama, north Colombia and north-west Venezuela. There is one record of a presumed wandering bird in Cotacachi-Cayapas National Park, north-west Ecuador6,8, but this may be erroneous15. It is now rare in accessible areas, but remains common in the Serranía de las Quinchas, (Boyacá), and at Cerro de la Paz (Santander)14, Colombia and is unlikely to have declined significantly in Chocó, Colombia, or Darién1,6,13. There are few recent records, but it may still be numerous at the northern base of the Andes, Cordoba, northern Antioquia and Bolívar, and in the Magdalena valley, east Caldas and south-east Antioquia, Colombia3,5. It seems to have declined in Venezuela, where recent records are from the Mérida area and the south-east slopes of the Cordillera de Mérida, Barinas7,10. The total population may have dropped below 10,000 individuals6,13. Indeed, the western population (west of Sinu) is thought to be 2,000-4,000 individuals (most intact habitat), the central population (Serranía de San Lucas) is probably much fewer than 1,000 individuals, the western slope of eastern Cordillera is estimated at approximately 1,000 individuals and the eastern slope of eastern Cordillera and Merida perhaps less than 1,000 individuals16.
|  | Important Bird Areas Click here to view map showing IBAs where species is recorded and triggers any of the IBA criteria. | Ecology: It inhabits humid lowland forest, forest edge and tall secondary growth to c.1,000 m 5, moving, probably seasonally, to cloud-forest as high as 1,650 m in Venezuela6. Specimens in breeding condition have been taken during March-June in Colombia, with juveniles seen in July in the Serranía de Perijá5. Most records come from mature forest and it is not thought to move far between fragments16.
| Threats Habitat loss has been occurring in the Magdalena valley for at least four centuries, but accelerated markedly throughout the 20th century12, and remains the chief threat in Colombia. Most forest on the eastern slopes of the Serranía de San Lucas has been lost since 19963,4,9. Causes include logging, settlement, agriculture and mining2,3,4,9,12. In Colombia, some birds are captured for the pet trade11,13. It could be affected by stream pollution caused by mining and cocaine production4,9.
| | Conservation measures underway CITES Appendix II. Extensive, intact habitat is protected in Venezuela and Panama1,10. Paramillo National Park, Antioquia, officially protects 4,600 km2, but human settlement and associated threats are continuing unabated9.
| | Conservation measures proposed Determine its population size and distribution9,10,11. Assess range-wide threats10. Study its biology and movements10,11. Protect habitat in the Serranía de San Lucas and north-west Chocó9.
| References 1. G. R. Angehr in litt. (1999). 2. Cuervo and Salaman (1999). 3. A. Cuervo in litt. (1999). 4. L. Dávalos in litt. (1999). 5. Hilty and Brown (1986). 6. Juniper and Parr (1998). 7. Kirwan and Sharpe (1999). 8. Ridgely et al. (1998). 9. P. G. W. Salaman in litt. (1999). 10. C. Sharpe, J. Rodríguez and F. Rojas-Suárez in litt. (1999). 11. Snyder et al. (2000). 12. Stiles et al. (1999). 13. G. Stiles in litt. (1999). 14. Donegan et al. (2003). 15. J. F. Freile in litt. (2000). 16. P. Salaman in litt. (2006). 17. T. Donegan in litt. (2006).
| Text account compilers Phil Benstead (BirdLife International), Jeremy Bird (BirdLife International), Stuart Butchart (BirdLife International), Matt Harding (BirdLife International), Isabel Isherwood (BirdLife International), Simon Stuart (Conservation International), Tom Stuart (BirdLife International), Andy Symes (BirdLife International) | Contributors George Angehr (Panama Audubon Society), A. Cuervo (Massey University), L. Dávalos, Thomas Donegan (University of Cambridge), Juan Freile (BirdLife International), Jean-Paul Rodríguez (Centro de Ecología - IVIC), Franklin Rojas-Suárez (Conservation International), Paul G. W. Salaman (Fundación ProAves), Chris J. Sharpe, F. Gary Stiles (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) | IUCN Red List evaluators Stuart Butchart (BirdLife International), Andy Symes (BirdLife International) |
| Recommended citation BirdLife International (2009) Species factsheet: Pyrilia pyrilia. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 10/2/2010 | This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000) Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List. To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife To contribute to discussions on the evaluation of the IUCN Red List status of Globally Threatened Birds, please visit BirdLife's Globally Threatened Bird Forums |
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