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close| Location | Malaysia, Pulau Pinang |
| Central coordinates | 100o 26.00' East 5o 31.00' North |
| IBA criteria | A1, A4i |
| Area | 7,200 ha |
| Altitude | |
| Year of IBA assessment | 2004 |
Ornithological information 61 species indentified. Important are for waterbirds especially shorebirds and egrets. The rural-like environment also supports several Biome-restricted species.Near-threatened species Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis, Asian Dowitcher (Yeap et al., 2003)Over 500 Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus and over 3,000 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava roost at this site.1% world population of Chinese Pond-Heron
Site description The Penaga-Kuala Muda area consists of a stretch coastal tidal mudflats and mangroves located north of mainland Pulau Pinang. Rice cultivation, coconut groves, fruit orchards dominate the landscape further inland. Other agriculture-related activities include medium-scale cattle rearing and aquaculture. Fishing villages dot the coastal stretch.
Populations of IBA trigger species
| Species | Season | Period | Population estimate | Quality of estimate | IBA Criteria | IUCN Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus | - | 2004 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Vulnerable |
| Chinese Pond-heron Ardeola bacchus | unknown | 2004 | present [units unknown] | - | A4i | Least Concern |
| Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer | - | 2004 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Endangered |
Habitats
| IUCN habitat | Habitat detail | Extent (% of site) |
|---|---|---|
| Wetlands (inland) | - | |
| Artificial landscapes (terrestrial) | - |
Other biodiversity (I) Globally threatened mammals (IUCN, 2002): NEAR THREATENED: Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularisSilver leaf monkey(II) Globally threatened reptiles (IUCN, 2002): No information.(III) Globally threatened plants (IUCN, 2002): No information.
Management considerations The Penaga-Kuala Muda agricultural belt is slowly undergoing changes as development moves northwards. Several issues pertinent to the area include:Poaching of birdsLand conversion to aquaculture and housingEncroachment into the mangroves and buffer areas for illegal housing.No buffer zone between the mangorve and legally developed area.
Protection status The area has no protection as most of it is currently privately and State owned.
References Kanda Kumar. No date. Penaga-Kuala Muda Birdlist. (Unpublished).Yeap, C.A., Sebastian, A. and Siti Hawa Yatim (compilers) 2003. The Asian Waterbird Census 2003 Country Report (Malaysia). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society.
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Recommended citation BirdLife International (2013) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Teluk Air Tawar-Kuala Muda coast. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013
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