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close| Location | Venezuela, Zulia |
| Central coordinates | 72o 28.22' West 10o 47.67' North |
| IBA criteria | A1, A2, A3 |
| Area | 302,000 ha |
| Altitude | 400 - 2,000m |
| Year of IBA assessment | 2008 |
Ornithological information En el área se han registrado 336 especies, pero es posible que este número se incremente al realizarse estudios más detallados.
Site description La Zona Protectora San Rafael de Guasare se ubica en el extremo noroccidental del estado Zulia, en el límite con Colombia. Abarca aproximadamente el 6% de la superfi cie total del estado Zulia. Su declaratoria obedeció a la necesidad de proteger las nacientes de los ríos Guasare, Socuy y Cachirí, incluyendo los dos sitios de embalse del sistema hidráulico Luciano Urdaneta, los cuales constituyen las fuentes de abastecimiento de agua de la ciudad de Maracaibo y los centros poblados de la costa oriental del lago. Su límite noroccidental lo constituyen 118 km de línea fronteriza con Colombia, lo cual amerita, desde el punto de vista estratégico, una regulación de uso. El área está integrada principalmente por tres grandes paisajes: un paisaje de relieve quebrado y ondulado que corresponde con las colinas y lomas de la sierra de Perijá; un paisaje de montañas bajas pertenecientes a las estribaciones finales de la serranía de Montes de Oca; y un paisaje de montañas altas de relieve accidentado en las que se destaca la serranía de Perijá, con valles como el del río Guasare. La cobertura vegetal es variada en correspondencia con las condiciones climáticas. Se pueden encontrar bosques tropicales perennifolios con alturas variables, bosque premontano y montano perennifolio de cobertura densa y poco intervenida en la parte montañosa. Hay variedad de palmas, helechos arborescentes y epifitas.
Populations of IBA trigger species
| Species | Season | Period | Population estimate | Quality of estimate | IBA Criteria | IUCN Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Band-tailed Guan Penelope argyrotis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Wattled Guan Aburria aburri | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Near Threatened |
| Rufous-vented Chachalaca Ortalis ruficauda | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Yellow-knobbed Curassow Crax daubentoni | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A3 | Near Threatened |
| Helmeted Curassow Pauxi pauxi | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A2, A3 | Endangered |
| Black-fronted Wood-quail Odontophorus atrifrons | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A2, A3 | Vulnerable |
| Crested Eagle Morphnus guianensis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Near Threatened |
| Military Macaw Ara militaris | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Vulnerable |
| Saffron-headed Parrot Pyrilia pyrilia | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Near Threatened |
| Bronze-winged Parrot Pionus chalcopterus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Coppery Emerald Chlorostilbon russatus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A2, A3 | Least Concern |
| Shining-green Hummingbird Lepidopyga goudoti | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Golden-bellied Starfrontlet Coeligena bonapartei | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A2, A3 | Least Concern |
| Perija Metaltail Metallura iracunda | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A2, A3 | Endangered |
| Crimson-rumped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus haematopygus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Scaled Piculet Picumnus squamulatus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Chestnut Piculet Picumnus cinnamomeus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A2, A3 | Least Concern |
| Russet-throated Puffbird Hypnelus ruficollis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Golden-breasted Fruiteater Pipreola aureopectus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Yellow-bellied Chat-tyrant Ochthoeca diadema | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Black-backed Antshrike Sakesphorus melanonotus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A2, A3 | Least Concern |
| Recurve-billed Bushbird Clytoctantes alixii | unknown | 2004 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Endangered |
| Merida Tapaculo Scytalopus meridanus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| White-whiskered Spinetail Synallaxis candei | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A2, A3 | Least Concern |
| Rufous-naped Greenlet Hylophilus semibrunneus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Red Siskin Carduelis cucullata | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Endangered |
| Grey-throated Warbler Basileuterus cinereicollis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A2, A3 | Near Threatened |
| Golden-winged Sparrow Arremon schlegeli | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Glaucous Tanager Thraupis glaucocolpa | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Black-capped Tanager Tangara heinei | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
Protected areas
| Protected area | Designation | Area (ha) | Relationship with IBA | Overlap with IBA (ha) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Rafael de Guasare | Protective Zone | 302,000 | protected area contains site | 0 |
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Habitats
| IUCN habitat | Habitat detail | Extent (% of site) |
|---|---|---|
| Forest | Elfin forest; Montane broadleaf evergreen forest; Tropical deciduous forest | - |
| Shrubland | Semihumid/humid montane scrub | - |
| Grassland | Second-growth or grazed grasslands | - |
| Caves | - | |
| Rocky areas | - | |
| Wetlands (inland) | Rivers; Streams | - |
Land use
| Land-use | Extent (% of site) |
|---|---|
| military | - |
| urban/industrial/transport | - |
| water management | - |
| agriculture | - |
Other biodiversity No hay información al respecto.
Management considerations Los principales problemas presentes en el área son: quema y tala de la vegetación, intensificación y expansión de las actividades agrícolas y actividades mineras asociadas a la extracción de carbón, cobre, calizas, arcillas, fosfatos y barita.
Protection status Esta área fue declarada Zona Protectora el 6 de octubre de 1973 mediante el Decreto No. 1444 publicado en la Gaceta Oficial No. 30224 (24/10/1973).
References Urbina, L. (1992) [!!Areas Naturales Protegidas de Venezuela!!]. Caracas, Venezuela: Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Renovables, Serie Aspectos Conceptuales y Metodológicos (DGSPOA/ACM/01). (En español.)
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Recommended citation BirdLife International (2013) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Zona Protectora San Rafael de Guasare. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/06/2013
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