Sites - Important Bird Areas (IBAs)

Ornithological information Están registradas 423 especies de aves en el Santuario, entre las cuales se encuentran especies globalmente amenazadas y endémicas.

Site description El Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu se encuentra entre la cordillera Vilcanota, que alcanza los 5.700 m, y la cordillera Vilcabamba, que sobrepasa los 6.000 m, en la zona centro-oeste del departamento del Cusco, provincia de Urubamba, distrito de Machu Picchu. Al noroeste del Santuario se encuentra el nevado de Wakay Wilca, mientras que en el límite suroeste se encuentra el nevado Salcantay. Los principales hábitat que se hallan en el santuario son los bosques de Polylepis, bosque húmedo montano, bosque premontano, bosques mixtos de Gynoxis-Polylepis, matorrales de bambú, pastizal de páramo, bosque enano y matorral húmedo montano. La estructura del bosque cambia visiblemente entre los 2.000 y los 2.500 m, de un bosque premontano a un bosque montano bajo. El bosque de niebla alto es llamado frecuentemente bosque enano, presentando líquenes y un follaje denso y coriáceo. Por encima de los 3.800 m de elevación el bosque predominante es el queñual (Polylepis). El páramo se presenta como tierras altas húmedas, con vegetación de musgos, pastos altos y arbustos bajos, mientras las partes secas constituyen los pajonales. Por encima de los 4.400 m, la vegetación está muy esparcida, compuesta por plantas rastreras, en forma de rosetas y cojines, adaptadas para tolerar el hielo, la nieve y la radiación solar intensa. Los glaciares se hallan sobre los 5.000 m. Numerosos proyectos de investigación y conservación se han realizado en Machu Picchu. Recientemente, el PROFONANPE emprendió las actividades asignadas al PROGRAMA MACHU PICCHU, destinadas al manejo integral del medio ambiente en el santuario (IMAPI 2004).

Populations of IBA trigger species

Species	Season	Period	Population estimate	Quality of estimate	IBA Criteria	IUCN Category
Hooded Tinamou Nothocercus nigrocapillus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Vulnerable
Taczanowski's Tinamou Nothoprocta taczanowskii	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A1, A2, A3	Vulnerable
Stripe-faced Wood-quail Odontophorus balliviani	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Puna Teal Anas puna	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Puna Ibis Plegadis ridgwayi	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Puna Plover Charadrius alticola	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Bare-faced Ground-dove Metriopelia ceciliae	resident	2003	unknown [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Golden-plumed Parakeet Leptosittaca branickii	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A1	Vulnerable
Andean Parakeet Bolborhynchus orbygnesius	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Speckle-faced Parrot Pionus tumultuosus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-		Least Concern
Green-and-white Hummingbird Amazilia viridicauda	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
White-tufted Sunbeam Aglaeactis castelnaudii	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Violet-throated Starfrontlet Coeligena violifer	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Bearded Mountaineer Oreonympha nobilis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Scaled Metaltail Metallura aeneocauda	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Olivaceous Thornbill Chalcostigma olivaceum	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Blue-banded Toucanet Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan Andigena hypoglauca	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A1	Near Threatened
Ocellated Piculet Picumnus dorbignyanus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Andean Flicker Colaptes rupicola	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Cerulean-capped Manakin Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Yungas Manakin Chiroxiphia boliviana	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Band-tailed Fruiteater Pipreola intermedia	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Masked Fruiteater Pipreola pulchra	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Sclater's Tyrannulet Phyllomyias sclateri	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Unstreaked Tit-tyrant Anairetes agraphia	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Ash-breasted Tit-tyrant Anairetes alpinus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A1, A2, A3	Endangered
Bolivian Tyrannulet Zimmerius bolivianus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Inca Flycatcher Leptopogon taczanowskii	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Near Threatened
Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher Nephelomyias ochraceiventris	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Olive Flycatcher Mitrephanes olivaceus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Andean Negrito Lessonia oreas	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Andean Tyrant Knipolegus signatus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Puna Ground-tyrant Muscisaxicola juninensis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
White-fronted Ground-tyrant Muscisaxicola albifrons	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant Myiotheretes fuscorufus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Rufous-webbed Bush-tyrant Polioxolmis rufipennis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
D'Orbigny's Chat-tyrant Ochthoeca oenanthoides	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Trilling Tapaculo Scytalopus parvirostris	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Stripe-headed Antpitta Grallaria andicolus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Red-and-white Antpitta Grallaria erythroleuca	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Plain-breasted Earthcreeper Upucerthia jelskii	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Royal Cinclodes Cinclodes aricomae	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A1, A2, A3	Critically Endangered
Tawny Tit-spinetail Leptasthenura yanacensis	unknown	2008	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Near Threatened
White-browed Tit-spinetail Leptasthenura xenothorax	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A1, A2, A3	Endangered
Puna Thistletail Asthenes helleri	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Vulnerable
Rusty-fronted Canastero Asthenes ottonis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Line-fronted Canastero Asthenes urubambensis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A1, A2, A3	Near Threatened
Junin Canastero Asthenes virgata	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Azara's Spinetail Synallaxis azarae	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-		Least Concern
Marcapata Spinetail Cranioleuca marcapatae	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Vulnerable
Creamy-crested Spinetail Cranioleuca albicapilla	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Buff-throated Treehunter Thripadectes scrutator	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
White-collared Jay Cyanolyca viridicyanus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Near Threatened
Andean Swallow Haplochelidon andecola	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Inca Wren Thryothorus eisenmanni	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
White-eared Solitaire Entomodestes leucotis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Dusky-green Oropendola Psarocolius atrovirens	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Peruvian Sierra-finch Phrygilus punensis	resident	2003	unknown [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
White-winged Diuca-finch Diuca speculifera	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Chestnut-breasted Mountain-finch Poospiza caesar	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Bright-rumped Yellow-finch Sicalis uropygialis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Slaty Tanager Creurgops dentatus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Parodi's Hemispingus Hemispingus parodii	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Near Threatened
Drab Hemispingus Hemispingus xanthophthalmus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Three-striped Hemispingus Hemispingus trifasciatus	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Rust-and-yellow Tanager Thlypopsis ruficeps	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Chestnut-bellied Mountain-tanager Delothraupis castaneoventris	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Golden-collared Tanager Iridosornis jelskii	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
Yellow-scarfed Tanager Iridosornis reinhardti	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A2, A3	Least Concern
White-browed Conebill Conirostrum ferrugineiventre	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern
Moustached Flowerpiercer Diglossa mystacalis	resident	2003	present [units unknown]	-	A3	Least Concern

Protected areas

Protected area	Designation	Area (ha)	Relationship with IBA	Overlap with IBA (ha)
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu	World Heritage Site	32,592	is identical to site	32,592
Machupicchu	Historical Sanctuary	32,592	is identical to site	32,592

Habitats

IUCN habitat	Habitat detail	Extent (% of site)
Forest	Flooded tropical evergreen forest; Montane broadleaf evergreen forest; Polylepis woodland	-
Shrubland	Semihumid/humid montane scrub	-
Grassland	Paramo	-

Land use

Land-use	Extent (% of site)
tourism/recreation	major
rangeland/pastureland	-

Other biodiversity Se han registrado Tremarctos ornatus (VU) y Puma concolor (NT).

Management considerations La mayor parte de los terrenos por encima de los 3.800 m carecen de árboles debido a los incendios frecuentes, el sobrepastoreo y a la ausencia de regeneración del bosque.

Protection status El Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu se estableció el 8 de enero de 1981 mediante Decreto Supremo N^o 001-81-AA. En 1983, la UNESCO lo declaró Patrimonio Cultural y Natural de la Humanidad.

References Guia de Campo de las Aves de Machupichu, Peru. Barry Walker & Jon Fjeldsa.2001

IMAPI (2004) Instituto Machu Picchu. Programa Machu Picchu. INRENA (2004f)

Contribute  Please click here to help BirdLife conserve the world's birds - your data for this IBA and others are vital for helping protect the environment.

Recommended citation  BirdLife International (2013) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Santuario Histórico Machu Picchu. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife