| Location | Bolivia, Tarija |
| Central coordinates | 64o 59.00' West 21o 35.00' South |
| IBA criteria | A1, A2, A3 |
| Area | 108,500 ha |
| Altitude | 1,800 - 4,700m |
| Year of IBA assessment | 2008 |
Ornithological information Esta área protegida contiene un total de 198 especies de aves, sin embargo, el nivel de estudio es bajo.
Site description Esta Reserva se encuentra en el departamento de Tarija (al sur del país), en las provincias de Méndez y Avilés, al oeste de la ciudad de Tarija. La hidrografía del área está defi nida por los ríos Tajzara, Camacho, San Juan del Oro y Guadalquivir. Esta región se encuentra dentro de la cordillera Oriental y posee un rango altitudinal bastante extenso. Comprende varios sistemas ecológicos altoandinos compuestos por fragmentos de bosques secos de altura, con Polylepis sp. y extensas planicies de altura dominadas por pastos. También hay lagunas de altura que congregan a especies de aves acuáticas, como las tres especies de fl amencos andinos y la Gallareta Cornuda. La principal actividad en esta área protegida es el pastoreo de ovejas, camélidos y vacas y el cultivo de tubérculos como la papa, en forma artesanal. PROMETA (Protección del Medio Ambiente Tarija) lleva a cabo varios proyectos de educación ambiental y desarrollo sostenible.
| Species | Season | Period | Population estimate | Quality of estimate | IBA Criteria | IUCN Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puna Tinamou Tinamotis pentlandii | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Puna Teal Anas puna | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Chilean Flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Near Threatened |
| Andean Flamingo Phoenicoparrus andinus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A3 | Vulnerable |
| Puna Flamingo Phoenicoparrus jamesi | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A3 | Near Threatened |
| Puna Ibis Plegadis ridgwayi | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Andean Condor Vultur gryphus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Near Threatened |
| Giant Coot Fulica gigantea | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Horned Coot Fulica cornuta | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A3 | Near Threatened |
| Andean Avocet Recurvirostra andina | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Puna Plover Charadrius alticola | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Bare-faced Ground-dove Metriopelia ceciliae | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| White-faced Dove Leptotila megalura | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Andean Parakeet Bolborhynchus orbygnesius | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Wedge-tailed Hillstar Oreotrochilus adela | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A3 | Near Threatened |
| Andean Flicker Colaptes rupicola | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Andean Negrito Lessonia oreas | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Andean Tyrant Knipolegus signatus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Rufous-webbed Bush-tyrant Polioxolmis rufipennis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| D'Orbigny's Chat-tyrant Ochthoeca oenanthoides | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Puna Miner Geositta punensis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Rock Earthcreeper Ochetorhynchus andaecola | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Plain-breasted Earthcreeper Upucerthia jelskii | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Tawny Tit-spinetail Leptasthenura yanacensis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A3 | Near Threatened |
| Azara's Spinetail Synallaxis azarae | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | Least Concern | |
| Streak-fronted Thornbird Phacellodomus striaticeps | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Andean Swallow Haplochelidon andecola | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Brown-backed Mockingbird Mimus dorsalis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Rufous-throated Dipper Cinclus schulzi | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A2, A3 | Vulnerable |
| Grey-crested Finch Lophospingus griseocristatus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Short-tailed Finch Idiopsar brachyurus | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Bolivian Warbling-finch Poospiza boliviana | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Puna Yellow-finch Sicalis lutea | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Bright-rumped Yellow-finch Sicalis uropygialis | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Fulvous-headed Brush-finch Atlapetes fulviceps | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A3 | Least Concern |
| Giant Conebill Oreomanes fraseri | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1 | Near Threatened |
| Rufous-bellied Saltator Saltator rufiventris | resident | 2003 | present [units unknown] | - | A1, A3 | Near Threatened |
| Protected area | Designation | Area (ha) | Relationship with IBA | Overlap with IBA (ha) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cordillera de Sama | Biological Reserve | 108,500 | is identical to site | 0 |
|
| IUCN habitat | Habitat detail | Extent (% of site) |
|---|---|---|
| Forest | Polylepis woodland; Second-growth or disturbed forest | - |
| Shrubland | Arid montane scrub; Second-growth or disturbed scrub | - |
| Grassland | Puna | - |
| Wetlands (inland) | Fens transition mires & springs; Freshwater lakes and pools; Streams | - |
| Rocky areas | Inland cliffs | - |
| Land-use | Extent (% of site) |
|---|---|
| rangeland/pastureland | major |
| Notes: Esta actividad se debe principalmente al pastoreo de Ovejas y en menor grado de camelidos. | |
| forestry | 50% |
| Notes: Las quemas no controladas son otro de los problemas, junto a la extracción de leña para combustible. | |
| hunting | - |
| Notes: Caza furtiva de vicuñas y aves acuaticas | |
| other | - |
| Notes: El saqueo de sitios arqueologicos | |
| tourism/recreation | - |
| Notes: el turismo no planificado, pero se necesita mayor información al respecto | |
| nature conservation and research | major |
Other biodiversity Comprende varios sistemas ecológicos altoandinos, como los bosques secos de altura compuestos por Polylepis sp., extensas planicies de altura dominados por pastos secos, duros y pequeños de varios géneros, plantas arrocetadas como la yareta (Azorella compacta). Varias lagunas de altura que congregan a varias especies de aves acuáticas, como los flamencos. En la parte baja se encuentran los valles secos mesotérmicos, la vegetación es baja, microfoliada (de hojas pequeñas) y espinosa. De acuerdo con Navarro, los distritos biogeográficos de Chichas y San Juan del Oro tiene presencia en esta zona, ambos pertenecientes a la parte seca de la provincia biogeográfica Boliviano Tucumano. Entre la fauna presente con alguna categoría de amenaza se encuentran Puma concolor (NT), Hippocamelus antisensis (DD) y Lagidium viscacia (DD). Además, en la zona posiblemente se encuentran Chinchilla brevicaudata (CR), Lama guanicoe voglii y Oreailurus jacobita (EN).
Management considerations Las principales amenazas provienen del sobrepastoreo de ovinos, las quemas anuales descontroladas, la extracción de leña y de guano (ésto en las lagunas de altura). También se ha reportado caza furtiva de vicuñas, aves acuáticas y saqueo de sitios arqueológicos (SERNAP 2000).
Protection status Se trata de un área protegida cuya administración es del Sistema de Áreas Protegidas La Cuenca de Tajzara, y una parte fue declarada como sitio Ramsar en el año 2000, cubriendo 5.500 ha.
References BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened birds of the world. Lynx editions and BirdLife International. Barcelona, España & Cambridge, UK.Navarro G. & M. Maldonado. 2002. Geografía ecológica de Bolivia: Vegetación y ambientes acuáticos. Editorial: Centro de ecología simón I. Patiño-Departamento de difusión. Cochabamba, Bolivia.SERNAP (Ministerio de Desarrollo Sostenible y Planificación- Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas). 2000.Información técnica del Sistema de Áreas Protegidas de Bolivia. Editores Plural. La Paz, Bolivia.Stotz D. F., J. W. Fitzpatrick, T. A. Parker & D. Moskovitz. 1996. Neotropical birds, ecology and conservation. The Chicago University press. Chacago, USA.Stattersfield A. J., M. J. Crosby, A. J. Long & D. C. Wege. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. BirdLife International. Cambridge, UK.
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Recommended citation BirdLife International (2013) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Reserva Biológica Cordillera de Sama. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/06/2013
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